Pac Palace
| Pac Palace | ||
|---|---|---|
 Main facade |
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| Creation time : | 1681 | |
| Castle type : | palace | |
| Conservation status: | Receive | |
| Place: | Warsaw | |
| Geographical location | 52 ° 14 '49 " N , 21 ° 0' 29.4" E | |
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The Pac Palace (also called Radziwiłł Palace or Palais , in Polish: Pałac Paca-Radziwiłłów ) is a baroque palace and courtyard in Warsaw's inner city district .
location
The palace complex is located on Ulica Miodowa 15 around 100 meters west outside the walls of Warsaw's old town . In the north, the former palace of the Borch family ( Miodowa 17/19 ) adjoins the palace , in the south a smaller monastery complex of the Capuchin Order with the associated Church of the Transfiguration of Christ (Polish: Kościoł Przemienienia Pańskiego ) at Ulica Miodowa 13 or Ulica Kapucyńskiego 4 . Opposite the entrance to the Pac Palace is the Chodkiewicz family palace . The Aleja Solidarności , which is lowered here and from which the south side of the palace can be seen, runs around 40 meters south of the south-west corner of the palace complex . The garden of the property borders on Ulica Leona Schillera to the west . In the southern part of this garden, the building of the mortgage department of the District Court (Polish: Gmach Wydziału Hipotecznego Sądu Okregowego ) was built at the beginning of the 20th century , which now houses a tax office ( Aleja Solidarności 58 ). This object is adjacent to the palace. The ensemble covers an area of around 200 × 70 meters, only a third of this area being in the back garden.
history
The main building of today's complex was originally built as a Baroque palace between 1681 and 1697 by Tylman van Gameren for Prince Dominik Mikołaj Radziwiłł . From 1744 to 1759 the palace was owned by Bishop Andrzej Stanisław Załuski , for whom Giacomo Fontana built additional stables and back buildings in 1757. It then fell back into the possession of the Radziwiłł family after it was acquired by Michał Kazimierz Radziwiłł, who left the property to his relatives and descendants of the builder.
Kidnapping the king
From 1762 to 1775 Michał Fryderyk Czartoryski was the tenant and resident of the palace. At that time, King Stanislaus II August Poniatowski was a frequent guest in the palace. After one of his stays there, the king was captured and kidnapped on November 3, 1771 by supporters of the Bar Confederation . After a day the king was able to return to his castle .
Remodeling under General Pac
In 1794, the complex's buildings were partially destroyed. During the time of the Prussian occupation , the building was first used as a theater from 1807 to 1809 and later as a barracks and military hospital.
Ludwik Pac acquired the ensemble in 1823 and had it largely rebuilt in a classical style based on a design by Enrico Marconi . The renovation was largely completed in 1828. Apart from significant changes to the facade and interior of the palace, Marconi erected a frontal, three-storey building on Miodowa , which closed off the main courtyard , which was previously open to the street . Behind the palace, following the palace garden, semicircular stables were built, which no longer exist today. Wall paintings by Giovanni Battista Carelli, Mikołaj de Angelis and Józef Głowacki are also no longer available. The last detail work coincided with the outbreak of the November uprising. Since the castle owner was a participant in the uprising, Pac's palace and property were confiscated by the Russian rulers after it was put down in 1835 .
Authority seat
After expropriation, the damaged palace was restored under Stefan Baliński. From 1849 it was the seat of government authorities. From 1876 to 1939 the district court and other institutions were housed here. Between the world wars it was restored under Oskar Sosnowski; Conversions made under the Russian owners were dismantled. The palace burned during the battle for Warsaw at the beginning of World War II . It was destroyed during and after the Warsaw Uprising in 1944. Between 1948 and 1951 the palace was rebuilt under the direction of architects Henryk Białbrzeski and Czesław Konopka. The garden facade got its appearance back from van Gameren's time. The front palace facade was restored in the style of the Marconi conversions. The palace was designated as the seat of the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare , now known as the Ministry of Health (Polish: Ministerstwo Zdrowia ).
architecture
The ensemble today consists of the central wing, the two wing structures along the courtyard and the front building with a gate entrance. The central wing consists of a three-storey square core building, which has been expanded to form a horizontal H-shape with two narrow, four-storey towers in the west and two wing extensions in the south. The facades of the palace are in the style of late classicism and neo-renaissance . In contrast, the interiors are largely Mauritanian and neo-Gothic . The large hall on the first floor, for which the Caracalla Baths in Rome were the model, deserves special attention .
The wing buildings of the Ehrenhof are also classicist and three-story. In addition to cornices , they are largely unadorned. The frontal building designed by Marconi, on the other hand, is very remarkable. Since the street does not run parallel to the palace building, the road element, which is around 70 meters long, is also at an angle to the palace and its courtyard. In order to create a vertical access to the palace complex, Marconi gave the gate area a semi-elliptical niche with two gate entrances (the third, middle arcade is walled up), the more important of which leads vertically to the palace courtyard. The second gate leads to a small round courtyard, which thus becomes the architectural counterpart of the main courtyard. The height of the niche building corresponds to the three-storey front units running to the left and right, which are now used for office purposes; in addition, it is raised by around one meter with an attic . At the level of the third floor, a bas-relief frieze about 20 meters long and one meter high by Ludwig Kaufmann runs around the niche. It depicts the proclamation of the freedom of the Greek cities on the occasion of the Olympic Games in Corinth by Titus Quinctius Flamininus .
Views
Front facade of the palace (middle wing)
The gate niche in the street building
Palace of the Solidarności seen from
View of the north wing of the courtyard
References and comments
- ↑ Dominik Mikołaj Radziwiłł (1643–1697) was a Polish-Lithuanian magnate and politician.
- ^ Presumably in the context of fighting in the Kościuszko uprising
- ↑ Ludwik Michał Pac (1778-1835) was a Polish general in the Napoleonic army
- ^ Stefan Baliński (1794–1872) was a Polish architect, painter and Freemason
- ↑ Ludwig Kaufmann (1800–1855), Peter Kaufmann's eldest son, was a sculptor in Germany and Poland
- ^ Jodok Bär: Kaufmann, Ludwig . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 15, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 476 f.
literature
- Julius A. Chroscicki and Andrzej Rottermund: Architectural Atlas of Warsaw. 1st edition, Arkady, Warsaw 1978, p. 170
- Tadeusz S. Jaroszewski: Palaces and Residences in Warsaw. Interpress publishing house, ISBN 83-223-2049-3 , Warsaw 1985, p. 96ff
- Janina Rukowska: Travel guide to Warsaw and surroundings. 3. Edition. Sport i Turystyka, Warsaw 1982, ISBN 83-217-2380-2 , p. 52
Web links
- The Palace at Warszawa1939.pl (Polish)