Pachychilidae
| Pachychilidae | ||||||||||||
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Faunus ater (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pachychilidae | ||||||||||||
| Troschel , 1857 |
Pachychilidae (of pachy . (Greek) = thick and -chilus . -Lippig (Greek) = lip or, so to German about Thicklip snails , referring to the often thickened mouth rim of the shell) are a family of freshwater - worm with a worldwide distribution in the tropics and representatives in South and Central America , Africa , Madagascar and Southeast Asia . An explanation for such distribution patterns is the assumption that the last common ancestor of all Pachychilidae still alive today must have already lived in Gondwana . The splitting of this primary continent into the continents as we know them today by the continental drift then led to the fact that its descendants, the recent Pachychilidae, can be found on all (or most) parts of the former Gondwana continent.
The Pachychilidae were often confused by authors of the 19th and 20th centuries with the Thiaridae or the Pleuroceridae , another group of freshwater snails with a superficially similar appearance, but they are not closely related to these. This is shown in particular by modern molecular genetic studies.
Thiaridae and Pachychilidae can also be easily distinguished anatomically by the different structures of the operculum , the radula , the embryonic shell and the anatomy of the soft body.
With the exception of one species, the brackish water-dwelling Faunus ater , all Pachychilidae colonize only fresh water. The family includes both egg-laying ( oviparous ) and viviparous ( ovoviviparous and genuinely viviparous ) representatives. In the latter, the females have a special brood bag in which they both eggs and the developing young animals are held back as fully developed, small snails until they hatch. The family includes several genera :
Genera of the Pachychilidae
- Faunus de Montfort, 1810
- Pachychilus I. Lea & HC Lea, 1851 ( South and Central America , oviparous)
- Doryssa Swainson, 1840 ( South and Central America , oviparous)
- Potadoma Swainson, 1840 ( Africa )
- Madagasikara Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2010 synonymous: Melanatria auctt. ( Madagascar )
- Sulcospira Troschel, 1858 - Synonym: Adamietta Brandt, 1974 ( Southeast Asia )
- Brotia H. Adams, 1866 ( Southeast Asia )
- Paracrostoma Cossmann, 1900 ( South India )
- Pseudopotamis Martens, 1894 ( Torres Strait Islands , Australia , viviparous)
- Tylomelania Sarasin & Sarasin, 1897 ( Sulawesi )
- Jagora Köhler & Glaubrecht, 2003 ( Philippines )
credentials
- ↑ Köhler, F., Rintelen, T. v., Meyer, A. and Glaubrecht, M. Multiple origin of viviparity in Southeast Asian gastropods (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) and its evolutionary implications. - Evolution 58: 2215-2226. DOI: 10.1111 / j.0014-3820.2004.tb01599.x
- ↑ Köhler, F. & Glaubrecht, M. (2010). "Uncovering an overlooked radiation: molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Madagascar's endemic river snails (Caenogastropoda: Pachychilidae: Madagasikara gen. Nov.). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 99 : 867-894. DOI: 10.1111 / j.1095-8312.2009.01390 .x
- ↑ Köhler, F. & Dames, C. (2009). "Phylogeny and systematics of the Pachychilidae of mainland Southeast Asia - novel insights from morphology and mitochondrial DNA (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 : 679-699. DOI: 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.2009.00541.x
- ↑ Köhler, F. & Glaubrecht, M. (2006). "A systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae)." Malacologia 48 : 159-251.
- ↑ Köhler, F. & Glaubrecht, M. (2007). "Out of Asia and into India - On the molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the endemic freshwater gastropod Paracrostoma Cossmann, 1900 (Caenogastropoda: Pachychilidae)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 91 : 627-651. doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8312.2007.00866.x
- ^ Glaubrecht M. & von Rintelen T. (2003). "Systematics, molecular genetics and historical zoogeography of the viviparous freshwater gastropod Pseudopotamis (Cerithioidea, Pachychilidae): a relic on the Torres Strait Islands, Australia". Zoologica Scripta 32 (5): 415-435. doi: 10.1046 / j.1463-6409.2003.00127.x .
- ↑ by Rintelen, T. & Glaubrecht, M. (2005). "Anatomy of an adaptive radiation: a unique reproductive strategy in the endemic freshwater gastropod Tylomelania (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) on Sulawesi, Indonesia and its biogeographical implications." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 85 : 513-542. DOI: 10.1111 / j.1095-8312.2005.00515.x
- ↑ Köhler F. & Glaubrecht M. (2003). "Morphology, reproductive biology and molecular genetics of ovoviviparous freshwater gastropods (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) from the Philippines, with description of the new genus Jagora ". Zoologica Scripta 32 (1): 35-59. doi: 10.1046 / j.1463-6409.2003.00100.x .
Other sources
- Köhler, F., Glaubrecht, M. 2006: A systematic revision of the Southeast Asian freshwater gastropod Brotia (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae). Malacologia, 48: 159-251.
- Köhler, F., Rintelen, Tv, Meyer, A., Glaubrecht, M. 2004: Multiple origin of viviparity in Southeast Asian gastropods (Cerithioidea: Pachychilidae) and its evolutionary implications. Evolution, 58: 2215-2226.
