Pachynomidae

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Pachynomidae
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Schnabelkerfe (Hemiptera)
Subordination : Bed bugs (heteroptera)
Partial order : Cimicomorpha
Superfamily : Reduvioidea
Family : Pachynomidae
Scientific name
Pachynomidae
Stål , 1873

The Pachynomidae are a family of bugs (Heteroptera) within the suborder Cimicomorpha . Only about 15 species in 4 genera are known of them.

features

The bugs are 3.5 to 11 millimeters long and often have a certain resemblance to sickle bugs (Nabidae) from the subfamily Prostemmatinae . The top of the body varies from very shiny (genus Pachynomus ) to dull and hairless to very hairy. The compound eyes are large, the head has no constriction behind the compound eyes. Pointed eyes ( Ocelli ) can be developed or absent. The antennae appear to be five-limbed, with the second limb ( pedicellus ) divided into two parts. The distal part of the pedicellus usually carries a single trichobothrium . The labium is thick and strongly curved. The thighs ( femora ) of the forelegs are greatly enlarged, the splints ( tibia ) of the forelegs have fossulae spongiosae (specialized hairy structures that serve to hold on). The eighth segment of the abdomen in males has receded and moved into the seventh segment. The genitals of the males are symmetrical, the pygophore is well developed and turned apically into the abdomen. The ovipositor of the females is plate-shaped, a spermatheca is missing, but a pseudospermatheca is present.

The family is characterized by the two-part antennae and has with the Trichobothrium on the antennae a common feature with the predatory bugs that distinguishes the two from all other bugs. Trichobothria, which otherwise only occur in the family Velocipedidae , are located on the abdomen on both sides of the midline, but probably did not develop homologously . With the exception of the genus Punctius , all species of the family have "fossettes parastimatiques", parastigmal pits, on the ventral side of the laterotergite on the second abdominal segment . These are not homologous with similar structures on the third to seventh abdomen segments of sickle bugs. Paired Pseudospermathecae, as they otherwise only occur in the predatory bugs and net bugs (Tingidae) also characterize the family.

Occurrence

The family is common in the tropics of the Old and New World.

Way of life

Nothing further is known about the way of life of the rarely encountered, ground-dwelling, predatory family. No nymphs have been discovered so far , most animals are known from light traps.

Taxonomy and systematics

The current genus Pachynomus was considered by its first descriptor Klug in 1830 as a subgenus of the genus Reduvius . Carl Stål placed them and the genus Punctius among the sickle bugs (Nabidae), where they remained, as confirmed by many subsequent authors (with the exception of Reuter 1908), until Carayon raised the group to family status in 1950. He considered the family due to the characteristics of the reproductive organs with the predatory bugs (Reduviidae) as next related.

The family includes the following subfamilies and genera:

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g R. T. Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995, pp. 148ff.

literature

  • RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995.