Shrub peony
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Shrub Peony ( Paeonia suffruticosa ) |
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| Paeonia suffruticosa | ||||||||||||
| Andrews |
The shrub peony ( Paeonia suffruticosa ), also called tree peony , is a species of peonies ( Paeonia ) within the peony family (Paeoniaceae). It is based in China . Many varieties are used as ornamental plants .
description
The shrub peony grows as a shrub that usually reaches heights of about 1.5 meters, occasionally 3.0 meters and in extreme cases 5.0 meters. With increasing age, the shoot axes lignify, so they are well protected against frost in winter. The very long-lived shrub peony can reach an age of up to 60 years. The bark is brown-gray. The young shoot shows a reddish color and later changes to different shades of green.
The alternate leaves are stalked. The leaf blades are doubly three-part. The leaf sections are egg-shaped with a length of 4.5 to 8 centimeters and a width of 2.5 to 7 centimeters. The top and bottom of the leaves are bare. The end sections are deeply three-lobed and these leaf lobes are again two- or three-lobed or some are unlobed. All leaf lobes have a pointed upper end.
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The flowering period extends from April to May or June, depending on the location and the wild or cultivated form. The flowers are individually terminal on the branches. There are five unequal, long elliptical bracts . The hermaphrodite flowers have a diameter of 10 to 17 centimeters in wild forms and up to 25 centimeters in some cultivated forms. There are five green, broadly ovate sepals . The flowers of the wild forms are simple, those of the cultivated forms are simple or double. The colors of the petals in the wild forms are white through pink and red to purple. In cultivated forms, the colors of the petals are pink, red, violet or white, sometimes yellow, depending on the variety. Simple flowers contain five to eleven petals, which are obovate with a length of 5 to 8 centimeters and a width of 4.2 to 6 centimeters with irregularly incised upper ends. They have numerous stamens . The approximately 1.3 cm long stamens are pink to purple with a white base. The yellow anthers are ellipsoidal with a length of about 4 millimeters. During anthesis , the carpels are completely enveloped by the leathery, purple-red disc, which is serrated or lobed at the top. There are usually five, rarely more, free, densely hairy carpels . The scars are red.
There are usually five densely brown-yellow woolly hairy follicles together. The fruits ripen in August.
The number of chromosomes in the wild form is 2n = 10.
Occurrence
The natural home of the shrub peony is China. The main habitat of the wild form is the high mountains, which is why it is very resistant. Refined forms can be found in gardens around the world. They prefer sunny places.
History and taxonomy
Records of this plant species have existed in China for more than 2000 years. In the 8th century it was cultivated for decorative purposes, and forms with double and larger flowers were grown. It is an important symbol of Chinese culture and is known as 牡丹 "mǔdān". This plant species was first sent to Europe by the British naturalist Sir Joseph Banks in the 18th century .
The first scientific description was in 1804 by Henry Charles Andrews in Botanist's Repository, for new, and rare plants , 6, plate 373.
There are roughly two subspecies of Paeonia suffruticosa :
- Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews subsp. suffruticosa
- Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. yinpingmudan D.Y. Hong
The following are no longer included in Paeonia suffruticosa :
- Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. rockii S.G. Haw & Lauener is today a synonym of Paeonia rockii (SGHaw & Lauener) T.Hong & JJLi subsp. rockii
- Paeonia suffruticosa var. Linyanshanii Halda is now a synonym of Paeonia rockii subsp. linyanshanii (Halda) Hong & GLOst
- Paeonia suffruticosa var. Jishanensis (T.Hong & WZZhao) Halda , Paeonia suffruticosa subsp. spontanea (Rehder) SGHaw & Lauener , Paeonia suffruticosa var. spontanea Rehder is now a synonym for Paeonia jishanensis T.Hong & WZZhao .
use
Ornamental plant
Varieties of shrub peony are used as an ornamental plant in gardens. They are very noticeable due to their tall growth and large flowers. It is frugal and thrives in full sun, but also in slightly shaded places. They survive normal winters without any problems. However, if there is severe frost during the first shoot, frost damage can occur.
The shrub peonies planted in ornamental gardens are often Paeonia suffruticosa - hybrids .
Toxicity, healing properties
Parts of plants contain ester compounds that are slightly toxic to humans .
On the other hand, it is cultivated as a medicinal plant in China because of the antispasmodic properties of the ingredients in the root bark.
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literature
- Paeonia suffruticosa , p. 128 - Online , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 6: Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae , Science Press et al., Beijing et al. 2001. ISBN 1-930723- 05-9 .
- Jean-Luc Rivière, Pierre-Yves Nédélec: Pfingstrosen , Delius Klasing Verlag, Bielefeld 2008, ISBN 978-3-7688-2575-7
- The Ulmer Gartenbuch , Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-7666-3
- The large BLV Handbook Garden , BLV-Buchverlag, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-8354-0744-2
- De-Yuan Hong, Kai-Yu Pan & Zhong-Wen Xie: Yinpingmudan. The Wild Relative of the King of Flowers. Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews , In: Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica , Volume 36 (6), 1998, pp. 515-520: Online.
- Rieck, Irmtraud, Hertle, Friedrich: Strauch-Pfingstrosen , Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart, 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3657-0
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Jean-Luc Rivière, Pierre-Yves Nédélec: Pfingstrosen , Delius Klasing Verlag, Bielefeld 2008, ISBN 978-3-7688-2575-7
- ↑ Joseph Needham, Tsuen-Hsuin Tsien, Gwei-Djen Lu, T. Tsuen-Hsuin, Hsing-Tsung Huang, Dieter Kuhn, Francesca Bray, Christian Daniels, Nicholas K Menzies, Christoph Harbsmeier, Nathan Sivin, Peter J Golas, Science and civilization in China , Cambridge University Press, 1986
- ↑ SG Haw & LA Lauener: A Review of the Infraspecific taxa of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews , In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 47, Issue 3, 1990. doi : 10.1017 / S0960428600003413
- ↑ Paeonia suffruticosa at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ data sheet at giftpflanze.com .
