Grapefruit
| Grapefruit | ||||||||||||
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Hirado Buntan, red-fleshed grapefruit ( Citrus maxima ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Citrus maxima | ||||||||||||
| ( Burm. ) Merr. |
The grapefruit (Latin: Citrus maxima for "largest lemon", also Citrus grandis ) is an evergreen tree that produces the largest citrus fruits . In English-speaking grapefruit as is pomelo , pummelo or shaddock referred. The plant species belongs to the diamond family and comes from tropical Southeast Asia.
Different citrus fruits are created by crossing the grapefruit. By crossing the grapefruit with the tangerine originated Orange . The backcross of orange and grapefruit is the grapefruit . Colloquially, German often does not differentiate between pomelo and grapefruit.
description
The grapefruit is a medium-sized, evergreen tree. The young twigs are slightly hairy and reddish in color. There are thorns in the leaf axils. The leaves are large compared to other citrus plants ; the underside is slightly hairy. The petiole is widened (winged). The tip of the leaf is rounded, the base of the leaf round to heart-shaped and overlapping with the winged petiole.
The large flowers are single or in spike-like inflorescences with up to 20 flowers in the leaf axils. The flower buds are white or reddish. The flower consists of five overgrown sepals and five free petals . In the center of the flower there are 20 to 35 stamens and the round ovary . The stylus is clearly separated from the ovary.
The fruits ( hesperidia ) are flattened or round to slightly pear-shaped. They are composed of ten to 15 segments. The skin is thick and colored yellow or yellow-green on the outside. The central axis of the fruit is hollow when ripe, and the skin (endocarp) that surrounds the individual segments is also open towards the middle. The outer shell can be easily removed and the individual segments can also be peeled off. In the segments there are so-called juice sacs , which in the grapefruit are surrounded by very firm skins and do not burst when the fruit is cut up. There are many pigmented varieties with pink to red-fleshed fruits, caused by the carotenoid lycopene , which accumulates in the juice sacs at high summer temperatures. With some varieties, the fruit can be up to 30 cm in diameter and weigh over two kilograms. Depending on the variety, the seeds can be very numerous (up to 200 per fruit) or none at all. They are large, irregularly shaped and furrowed, whitish inside.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.
Surname
The term “grapefruit” was adopted from Dutch into German in the 18th century . It can be identified as pompelmoes or pampelmoes in Dutch since 1648. Sometimes there is also the statement that the Dutch word comes from the Tamil pampaḷimācu . However, the Tamil word is more of a loan word from Dutch. The Dutch pompelmoes is possibly a combination of pompel, "thick round piece or object", and a shortened form of the Portuguese limões , "lemons", (plural of limão ). The second component could also be derived from the Central or Early Netherlandish moet, “piece”, which refers to the exceptionally large segments of the grapefruit. In the literature, the terms "paradise apple" and "Adam's apple" can be found for grapefruit.
In German there is often no colloquial distinction between “pomelo” and “grapefruit”. What is available in stores is mostly the grapefruit , which was created as a cross between grapefruit and orange . However, the presence of grapefruit on the market also appears to be reflected in some areas in a change in colloquial language.
literature
- W. Reuther, HJ Webber, LD Batchelor (Eds.): The Citrus Industry. Vol. 1. University of California, Riverside 1967
Web links
- Cultivars collection of UCR (English)
- Description of current varieties of the Citrus Pages (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Citrus grandis Osbeck . From gbif.org , accessed March 2, 2019
- ↑ E. Nicolosi et al. a .: Citrus phylogeny and genetic origin of important species as investigated by molecular markers . In: Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Berlin 100.2004,8, 1155-1166 ISSN 0040-5752 .
- ↑ a b c W. Reuther, HJ Webber, LD Batchelor (ed.): The Citrus Industry. ( Memento of the original from July 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Vol. 1. University of California, Riverside 1967.
- ↑ Citrus maxima at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Kluge. Etymological dictionary of the German language, edited by Elmar Seebold, 25th edition, Berlin / Boston, De Gruyter: 2011, keyword “Pampelmuse”.
- ↑ Cf. Tamil lexicon, Madras: University of Madras, 1924–1936, keyword பம்பளிமாசு pampaḷimācu .
- ↑ M. Philippa ea: Etymologische Woordenboek van het Nederlands, 2003–2009, keyword “pompelmoes”, quoted on etymologiebank.nl .
- ↑ Heinrich Marzell: Dictionary of German plant names . Vol. 1. 1943. p. 1030.
- ↑ Third round - grapefruit / grapefruit. In: Atlas of everyday German language (AdA). Phil.-Hist. Faculty, University of Augsburg, June 19, 2006, accessed on August 21, 2009 .
