Pandemis cinnamomeana
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Pandemis cinnamomeana |
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| Pandemis cinnamomeana | ||||||||||||
| ( Treitschke , 1830) |
Pandemis cinnamomeana is a Palaearctic common butterfly from the family of Winder (Tortricidae). The type epithet is derived from the Latin cinnamomum and ancient Greek κιννάμωμον ( kinnámōmon ) for cinnamon.
features
Imago
The moths reach a wingspan of 17 to 22 millimeters for the males and 20 to 24 millimeters for the females. The moths have a variable basic color of the forewings, sometimes the males are very dark and almost monochrome. The females' palps and forehead are white. The forewings are rust-brown at the base, as well as a band running from the front edge ( costa ) to the anal angle and a costal spot near the tip. Light scales and dark veins form a network structure above this drawing . The hind wings are monochrome gray-brown with a light fringed edge.
Pre-imaginal stages
The caterpillar is light green and slightly darker on the back. The back vessel shines through dark. The head is greenish yellow, the neck plate is also colored and dotted with black. The shiny brown pupa is 9 to 12 millimeters long and is spun into leaves in the caterpillar's habitat.
Similar species
- Pandemis heparana ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775)
- Pandemis cerasana ( Hübner , 1759) The species has narrower wings and a lighter and smaller costal spot.
Way of life
During the day, the moths hide in the leaves of large trees. If they are disturbed, they will rush to the ground in a zigzag flight.
The caterpillars live polyphagous mainly on different hardwoods. The following are known as food plants: Maples ( Acer ), birches ( Betula ), European beech , oaks ( Quercus ), linden (Tilia), pears ( Pyrus ), apples ( Malus ), whitebeams ( Sorbus ), Prunus , goat clover ( Cytisus ), Buckthorn ( Rhamnus ), blueberry ( Vaccinium ), silver fir ( Abies alba ) and tea ( Camellia ).
The caterpillars spin between leaves or needles. The habitat includes forests, forest edges, clearings, parks and orchards.
Harmful effect
The economic importance of damage caused by feeding is low. It is known to eat foliage in forests and ornamental plants, including flowers, and there are also reports of infestation on tea plantations.
Flight and caterpillar times
Pandemis cinnamomeana forms one generation per year, which flies in Central Europe from mid-June to August, rarely into September. In Korea, the moths fly from mid-May to mid-September. The caterpillar overwinters in Central Europe and continues its development from May to June of the coming year and pupates in June and July.
distribution
Pandemis cinnamomeana is palearctic in Europe, but not distributed in southern Europe, Russia, China, Korea and Japan and is common throughout Central Europe.
Specialized enemies
Various species of parasitic wasps (Ichneumonidae) and brackish wasps (Braconidae) have been identified as parasitoids on Pandemis cinnamomeana :
- Ichneumonidae
- Braconidae
supporting documents
literature
- Józef Razowski: The Tortricidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) of Central Europe. Determination - Distribution - Flight location - Lifestyle of caterpillars , Bratislava, 2001 ISBN 80-967540-7-6
- Karl Traugott Schütze: The biology of the small butterflies with special consideration of their nutrient plants and publication times , Frankfurt am Main 1931, publishing house of the International Entomological Association eV Scan and new edition
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe . tape 2 . E. Schweitzerbartsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1910, p. 251 .
- ↑ a b c d Razowski, p. 53
- ↑ a b c d e f g L. Meijerman & SA Ulenberg (Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam): Eurasian Tortricidae> Species: Pandemis cinnamomeana. (No longer available online.) In: Arthropods of Economic Importance. Archived from the original on May 27, 2012 ; accessed on January 7, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Schütze, p. 133
- ↑ Schütze, p. 61
- ↑ Schütze, p. 71
- ↑ Schütze, p. 76
- ↑ Schütze, p. 139
- ↑ Schütze, p. 103
- ↑ Schütze, p. 107
- ↑ Schütze, p. 117
- ↑ Schütze, p. 120
- ↑ Schütze, p. 136
- ↑ Schütze, p. 155
- ↑ Schütze, p. 33
Web links
- www.lepiforum.de Taxonomy and photos
- Fauna Europaea taxonomy