Pandemis cerasana

Pandemis cerasana
Pandemis cerasana
Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera) Family : Winder (Tortricidae) Subfamily : Tortricinae Tribe : Archipini Genre : Pandemis Type : Pandemis cerasana
Scientific name
Pandemis cerasana
( Huebner , 1786)

Pandemis cerasana with black pollination

Pupa of Pandemis cerasana

Pandemis cerasana is a Palaearctic common butterfly from the family of Winder (Tortricidae).

features

butterfly

The moths reach a wingspan of 16 to 22 millimeters for the males and 17 to 24 millimeters for the females. The moths are variable in color from yellowish to brownish. Sometimes the wings and back are black pollinated. The fore wings are darker at the base, as is a band running from the front edge ( costa ) to the anal angle and a costal spot near the tip. Light-colored scales and the dark veins form a weak network structure above this drawing . The hind wings are solid gray with a light fringed edge.

Pre-imaginal stages

The flat, oval eggs are laid in an oval. The caterpillar is up to 20 mm long, thin and flat. The color varies widely from green to yellowish to brownish. The head is brown-yellow and sometimes darker spotted or even completely black. The neck shield always has the body color. On the sides and on the back there are some black dots and lines that can flow together. The light brown to blackish brown pupa is 9-15 mm long. The cremaster is longer than it is wide.

Similar species

• Pandemis heparana ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775)
• Pandemis cinnamomeana ( Treitschke , 1830) The species has wider wings and a darker and larger costal spot.

Synonyms

The species was first described by Jacob Huebner in 1786 as Phalaena cerasana .

• ribeana ( Huebner [1796 99]) ([Tortrix])
• grossulariana ( Stephens , 1834) (Tortrix)

Way of life

Some caterpillars hatch out of the eggs after a few weeks and eat for a short time before they overwinter. Other eggs hibernate and the caterpillars do not hatch until the next spring. The caterpillars sit on buds or are spun in a leaf roll. They live polyphagous on different trees and shrubs. These include, for example, birch ( Betula spec.), Common hazel ( Corylus avellana ), beech ( Fagus ), oak ( Quercus ), maple ( Acer ), elm ( Ulmus ), willow ( Salix ), linden (Tilia), pear ( Pyrus) ), Apples ( Malus ), currants ( Ribes ), blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ), buckthorn ( Rhamnus ), white berries ( Sorbus ), barberries ( Berberis ), clove root ( Geum urbanum ), larches ( Larix ) and pines ( Pinus ) as well Tea ( camellia ). The habitat includes forests and especially the edges of forests, parks and orchards, in which Pandemis cerasana can also occur as a pest. Usually the damage is insignificant as the caterpillars do not feed together in larger groups.

Flight and caterpillar times

Pandemis cerasana forms one generation a year that flies from mid-May to August. The caterpillars can be found from September to May. They overwinter and continue to develop in the following year.

distribution

Pandemis cerasana is widespread in Palearctic Europe, Asia Minor, Siberia, northeast India, Mongolia, Korea and Japan, and is common throughout Central Europe.

Specialized enemies

Various species of parasitic wasps (Ichneumonidae), braconid wasps (Braconidae), ore wasps (Chalcidoidea) and caterpillar flies (Tachinidae) have been identified as parasitoids in Pandemis cerasana :

• Ichneumonidae
  • Habrocryptus porrectorius
  • Mesochorus sylvarum
  • Phytodietus segmentator
  • Phytodietus polyzonias
  • Pimpla maculator
  • Phaeogenes callopus
  • Phaeogenes stimulator
  • Hybophanes scabriculus
  • Apechtis rufata
  • Omorga mutabilis
  • Itoplectis alternans
  • Oedemopsis scabricula

• Braconidae
  • Ascogaster rufidens
  • Macrocentrus abdominalis
  • Meteorus ictericus
  • Apanteles xanthostrigma
  • Zele testaceator

• Chalcidoidea
  • Brachymeria euploeae
  • Pediobius sp.
  • Habrocytus? saxeseni
  • Dibrachys cavus
  • Monodentomerus aereus
  • Habrocytus sp.

• Tachinidae
  • Neopales pavida
  • Compsilura concinnata
  • Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata

supporting documents

literature

• Józef Razowski: The Tortricidae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) of Central Europe. Destination - Distribution - Flight location - Way of life of the caterpillars. Bratislava, 2001, ISBN 80-967540-7-6 .
• Karl Traugott Schütze: The biology of the small butterflies with special consideration of their nutrient plants and times of appearance. Frankfurt am Main 1931, publishing house of the International Entomological Association eV Scan and new edition .
• DV Alford: Pests of Fruit Crops: A Color Handbook. Plant Protection Handbooks Series, Elsevier, 2007, ISBN 978-0-12-373676-5 , pp. 289f. (Google books)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe . tape 2 . E. Schweitzerbartsche Verlagbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1910, p. 249 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Razowski, p. 53.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} L. Meijerman, SA Ulenberg (Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam): Eurasian Tortricidae> Species: Pandemis cerasana. (No longer available online.) In: Arthropods of Economic Importance. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on January 7, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   
4. ↑ Razowski, p. 18.
5. ↑ ^{a b} Schütze, p. 74.

Web links

Commons : Pandemis cerasana  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• www.lepiforum.de Taxonomy and photos
• Fauna Europaea taxonomy