Ratkovo (Serbia)
Ratkovo ( Serbian - Cyrillic Ратково ; until 1948 Parabuć, German Parabutsch , Hungarian Paripás ) is a village in the Opština Odžaci in the Zapadna Bačka district of the autonomous province of Vojvodina in Serbia with about 4200 inhabitants (status: 2002). The place is halfway between Apatin and Novi Sad at an altitude of 80 to 88 meters above sea level.
history
The 150-year rule of the Ottomans led to the devastation and depopulation of the Pannonian Plain. Nomadic southern Slavs , tolerated by the Turks, took over existing settlements or founded new settlements. However, the turbulence at that time generally did not allow sustainable settlements. The traces of the first Slavic settlers in Parabutsch go back to the year 1650. According to Ottoman records (Defter), Parabutsch is listed as a desolate place (as one of 150 abandoned settlements). In 1715 there were already 4 Slavic families living in today's place. In 1748 the population increased to 113 Slavic families. The first school can be traced back to 1745.
After the victory of the Austrians against the Ottomans (1697) under Prince Eugene at Zenta and the subsequent peace treaty of Karlowitz (1699), the Ottoman Empire a. a. cede the Batschka to Austria. After the publication of the Imperial Impopulation Patent (".. for better support, re-elevation and population of the same"), the Viennese court chamber planned an immediate resettlement of the Batschka, but this was soon postponed due to the priority of the military border ( Pantschowa , Timisoara, etc.). The court chamber councilor Anton von Cothmann, who was appointed under Empress Maria Theresa, can be seen as the actual resettler of the "Batscher District" - as the official expression was now called. His activity falls in the time of the Second Great Swabian Train (1763–1773). In 1748, in the course of the Theresian colonization, the planned settlement of 200 "German families" from Bavaria, Württemberg, Palatinate and Baden, as well as French from Lorraine in the eastern part of the village, which was completed by 1772. In the 1900 census, 4347 inhabitants were registered. These included 3463 Germans, 475 Serbs and Croats, 194 Hungarians, 32 Slovaks and 3 others. 92 Jews also lived in the village, but they were not listed separately. The first Catholic church was built in 1784, but was replaced by a more modern church “St. Johann Nepomuk ”was replaced.
Parabutsch in World War II
With the beginning of the Second World War, all men of the village capable of military service were drafted into military service by the Yugoslav Army. After the surrender of the Yugoslav army, the German men switched to the Hungarian army , but were also called upon to volunteer for the SS. However, since this appeal was practically unsuccessful, all tangible men born between 1900 and 1924 were forcibly evicted. The youngest age groups were brought to Prague for basic training and then sent to the Eastern Front. Most of the older generation reported to the "Hipo" (auxiliary police) in order to avoid military service.
In April 1942 the 7th Mountain Division "Prinz Eugen" was set up. Initially, service in the division was voluntary, but later all conscripted German men in Vojvodina between the ages of 17 and 50, unless they were indispensable in agriculture, were drafted. With the establishment of the "Prinz Eugen", Himmler dropped the "racial selection" and the "voluntariness principle" for the Waffen SS for the first time . The Prinz Eugen Division operated mainly in Bosnia and Serbia, which is why their soldiers were later declared traitors to the country by the Yugoslav government.
In 1962, seven men from Parabuc were sentenced to prison terms by the Tübingen Regional Court for the killing of four Jewish residents in March 1944 .
In 1948 the place Parabuć was renamed Ratkovo, after the Serbian fighter in the Spanish civil war Ratko Pavlović "Chico".
Personalities
- Michael Eisemann (1898–1966), Hungarian composer
- Annemarie Ackermann (1913–1994), German politician ( CDU )
- Jovica Stanišić (* 1950), head of the Yugoslav secret service
- Kaća Čelan (* 1956), Serbian theater scholar, author and director
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ LG Tübingen dated February 12, 1962 , in: Justiz und NS-Verbrechen , Volume 18, 1978, pp. 173–213