Parkia speciosa
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Parkia speciosa |
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Parkia speciosa is a species in the genus Parkia in the subfamily of the mimosa plants (Mimosoideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae) from South-East Asia to India .
Common names
Trivial names are: Twisted Block Bean, Stink Bean; petai , peteh , bitter bean , Thai: satoh (สะตอ), yongchaa , yongchaak or kampai , zawngṭah .
Description and ecology
Vegetative characteristics
Parkia speciosa grows as an evergreen tree that reaches heights of 15 to 40 meters and trunk diameters of 50 to 100 centimeters. The bark of the branches is hairy. It can buttresses or buttress roots occur. The bark is relatively smooth and brown-gray.
The alternate leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The 2 to 6 centimeters long petiole is glandular above the base of the stem. The leaf blade is fern-like, double-pair pinnate with, each 5–10 cm long, 12 to 22 pairs of leaflets with 20 to 40 pairs of opposite, elongated, whole-margined and rounded, prickly-pointed, about 5–10 mm long, almost sessile, leathery leaflets . On the lower, about 20–40 centimeters long rachis and the first leaflets of the pinna, nectaries can occur, and pulvini can be formed in the pinna and on the petiole .
Generative characteristics
The individual flowers are relatively small and are pear-shaped, hanging and long-handled, about 4-6 centimeters long head . There are yellow, hermaphrodite at the tip and white, male flowers at the base, with brown-yellowish, sterile flowers in between. The flowers secrete a nectar and a strong odor that attracts bats and other pollinators .
Each 25–50 centimeter long and 4–6 centimeter wide, flat, often slightly twisted legume (colloquially called pod) contains 10 to 18 large seeds. It is constricted at the seed and is brownish when ripe. The flat seeds with a soft, thin seed coat are about 2–2.5 centimeters in size and whitish when ripe, including the green cotyledons .
Systematics
The first description of Parkia speciosa was made in 1842 by Justus Carl Hasskarl Flora , Volume 25 (2 Beibl), p. 55. The epithet speciosa beautiful, is striking. The genus Parkia R.Br. belongs to the tribe Mimoseae in the subfamily of the mimosa plants (Mimosoideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). A synonym for Parkia speciosa Hassk. is Parkia harbesonii Elmer .
use
The edible seeds (colloquially called beans) and almonds in size and shape have a peculiar, garlic-like smell and taste (stink bean). They are also (mostly from Thailand) exported to Europe and the USA. These beans are valued for their aroma in Laos , Thailand , Burma , Malaysia , Singapore , Indonesia and India, where Parkia speciosa is found. At the local markets, the pods are offered in bunches or the released seeds in plastic bags. The legumes are harvested from wild or cultivated specimens.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b data sheet at AgroForestryTree Database (PDF).
- ↑ Parkia speciosa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
Web links
- Parkia speciosa at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Parkia speciosa at PROTA.
- Parkia speciosa at John & Jacq ~ s Garden, accessed October 4, 2019.
- Datasheet at The Total Vascular Flora of Singapore Online (only some pictures).
- altissa.de Petebohne - Parkia speciosa Hassk. at altissa.de.