Passagini

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Passaginis or Passenger were heretics who were mentioned under this name along with other heretics in the decretals Ad abolendam , which Pope Lucius III. Adopted in 1184 in accordance with Frederick Barbarossa at the Synod of Verona . They were later taken over by Pope Gregory IX. Damned in 1229 and 1235 and by Pope Innocent IV in 1243 and 1254. In standardized letters that fall back on the Liber Extra (X 5.7.9), they are also mentioned later, as in the condemnations by Pope Nicholas IV (1291) and Julius II. (1511).

The passaginis found no expression in contemporary historiography. There are, however, two heresiological writings that are also devoted to the Passengers: The Manifestatio of the former Cathar Bonaccursus of Milan and a writing wrongly ascribed to Praepositinus von Cremona, Summa contra Haereticos . Accordingly, they took the view that the Old and New Testaments formed a unit and that the provisions of the Old Testament were to be implemented literally. They rejected the Trinity and the Sons of God of Jesus Christ and orientated themselves on Jewish customs. They practiced both circumcision and the Sabbath .

swell

  • Ilarino da Milano : La "Manifestatio heresis catarorum quam fecit Bonacursus" secondo il Cod. Ottob. Lat. 136 della Biblioteca Vaticana . In: Aevum . Volume 12 (1938) Fasc. 2/3, pp. 281-333 ( JSTOR 25819117 ).
  • Raoul Manselli : Per la storia dell 'eresia nel secolo XII. Studi minori . In: Bullettino dell'Istituto storico italiano per il medio evo . Volume 67 (1955) pp. 189-264.
  • Joseph N. Garvin and James A. Corbett: The Summa contra haereticos. Ascribed to Praepositinus of Cremona . Notre Dame, Indiana 1958 ( University of Notre Dame Publications in Medieval Studies , Volume 15). An excerpt is translated into: Walter L. Wakefield and Austin P. Evans: Heresies of the High Middle Ages. Selected Sources. New York 1969 ( Records of Civilization. Sources and Studies , Volume 81) pp. 173-183 26. The Heresy of the Passengers .

literature

  • Joseph N. Garvin: Passenger . In: Josef Höfer , Karl Rahner (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 2nd Edition. tape 8 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1963, Sp. 132-133 .
  • Raoul Manselli: I Passenger . In: Bullettino dell'Istituto storico italiano per il medio evo . Volume 75 (1963) pp. 189-210.
  • Louis Israel Newman: Jewish Influence on Christian Reform Movements . New York 1925 ( Columbia University Oriental Studies , Volume 23) pp. 255-302 ( digitized ).
  • Peter Segl : Passenger . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 7 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1998, Sp. 1413-1414 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Alexander Patschovsky : Enemy images of the church: Jews and heretics in comparison (11th-13th centuries) . In: Alfred Haverkamp (ed.): Jews and Christians at the time of the crusades ( lectures and research 47) Sigmaringen 1998, pp. 327–357, here pp. 333–334. ( Online )
  2. ^ Peter Segl: Passenger . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 7 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1998, Sp. 1413-1414 .