Patupaiarehe

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Dense, mist-shrouded forests of New Zealand - home of the Patupaiarehe

Patupaiarehe , alsospelled Patu-paiarehe , are in the mythology of the Māori , the indigenous people of New Zealand , fairy, mostly terrifying spirit beings who live in secret, fortified villages mostly in mountain forests. Different Māori tribes have different names for these beings and report their nocturnal appearances in certain regions of the North and South Islands of New Zealand.

description

In the Māori imagination, Patupaiarehe marriages can have different sizes, are fair-skinned and often have long, red hair, but do not have a tā moko (tribal tattoo). Since they only eat raw meat or fish, the Māori gave them fish or meat as gifts in the forests in order to keep them peaceful.

They should shy away from any form of brightness and roam the woods primarily at night or on days with thick fog, when you can occasionally hear their lovely singing and their koauau - and putorino - flute playing , to which young women in particular should be receptive. These are then to be lured into the secret villages and have mixed- race children with the Patupaiarehe , who are called " Urukehu ". Men can also be lured into the woods by Patupaiarehe women, from which they do not return and spend the rest of their lives in a kind of sleepwalking state.

Some patupaiare marriages are described as friendly and helpful, while others even invade people's dormitories at night with hostile intent and put them in a coma or kill them. You can only defend yourself against them with cooked food, ashes and fire and red ocher ( kokowai ). Variants of these “weapons” appear in many Patupaiarehe stories.

Designations

The naming of legendary figures and their description by the Māori is not uniform, as the legends of the different tribes were traditionally passed down orally. George Edward Gray did not begin collecting written stories until the mid-19th century , but it was more than forty years before the first printed collections of legends appeared.

Regional names or equivalent for Patupaiarehe are:

  • Heketoro ,
  • Korakorako ,
  • Nanakia ,
  • Ngāti Hotu ,
  • Paiarehe ,
  • Pakehakeha ( Pukehakeha ),
  • Parehe ,
  • Patupar marriage ,
  • Tahurangi ,
  • Turehu ,
  • Tutumaio or
  • Urukehu ( Uru kehu 'redheads').

The stories about Patupaiarehe partly correspond to those about Ponaturi (fairies of the sea), Porotai (stone people, i.e. half man, half stone) and Maero (wild forest creatures).

Occurrence

Since the Māori often combine their stories with very precise geographical information, certain areas are mentioned again and again in the legends about Patupaiarehehe .

On the North Island these are mainly the Waikato Plains , in the Thames-Coromandel District the area between Cape Colville and Mount Te Aroha , the hills around Rotorua , the mountain forests of what is now Te Urewera National Park and in the Wairoa District the forests of the Waitakere Range .

In the sagas of the South Island, they haunt the hills around Lyttelton Harbor and Akaroa , in the Tākitimu Mountains and in the hills between the Arahura River and Lake Brunner .

origin

Mount Tarawera split by Tama-o-hoi

There are various stories about the origins of the Patupaiarehey : Once they arrived in New Zealand in the Tainui Waka , a large, sea-going mythological canoe. Another time they were set down on the mountain heights by Ngātoro-i-rangi , a mythological figure of the Māori from the early days of the settlement of New Zealand, and another version is that they are descendants of Tama-o-hoi , an archaic sorcerer, who was so powerful that it split Mount Tarawera .
An ethnological explanation is that they were equated with real, militant tribes such as the fair-skinned Ngāti Hotu or other very early indigenous people of New Zealand.

Say

To illustrate the role of patupaiare marriage in Māori legends, summaries of two legends follow.

The Patupaiarehe of the Tākitimu Mountains

Lake Manapouri
Tākitimu Mountains

The hunter Hautapu, who lived on the shores of Lake Manapouri , set up his bird traps in the Tākitimu Mountains when he saw something glowing white in the undergrowth. He pounced on it and caught a beautiful, fair-skinned woman with red hair who gave him her name - Kaiheraki . Hautapu imagined how he would take her as his wife, for she was more beautiful than all the other women in his village, and how he would have beautiful and strong children with her. But he knew that before the Patupaiarehe guard must, he wanted to with the Tawhakamoe run jointly -Ritus, a fire spell, the man and woman to the test. When he forced her to make a fire with him, she was frightened, the smoke and the sparks wounded her - and Kaiheraki fled.

Hautapu looked for her all day, but couldn't find her anymore. He spent the night in the mountains and only returned to his village in the morning in rain and fog, tired and battered.

He never saw Kaiheraki again, but it is said that her mind still wanders through the Tākitimu Mountains.

Kaumariki

Kariri inherited the famous Te Rama fish hook from his ancestors , which Kaumariki and his friends Tawhai and Kupe stole one night. Since they Kariri feared s revenge, they still fled at night with a canoe across the sea. After four days they reached a small island where they made good prey with the fish hook. When it got dark, Tawhai and Kupe wrapped themselves in their cloaks, covered themselves with warm sand, and slept on the beach. However, Kaumariki lit a circle of firewood and slept in the middle.

During the night Kaumariki woke the screams of his friends and watched with horror as they were killed and eaten by pale, red-haired, clawed Ponaturi . Only through the circle of fire could he protect himself from the attackers. They didn't let go of him until dawn and Kaumariki returned to his home village. Once there, he returned the magical Te Rama to Kariri , regretted his theft and implored the tribe to help him avenge his dead friends. Because of the circumstances, he was forgiven and Kaumariki came up with a ruse. With equipment and six canoes, the warriors drove to the small island and built a sleeping house there.

As expected, the Ponaturi came at night and attacked the supposedly sleeping people. But there were only disguised logs and when all the Ponaturi were in the sleeping house, a warrior turned a large, previously shielded oil lamp in one of the four corners. In the brightness the Ponaturi lost their bearings, the four warriors left the sleeping house, Kaumariki bolted the door and dry bushes were lit on the sleeping house walls , which burned all the Ponaturi .

Kaumariki avenged the death of his friends Tawhai and Kupe .

public perception

The Te Tokaroa Reef extends halfway into the sea.

The New Zealand Postal Service has a set of stamps in 2000 (six values: Araiteuru (40 cents), Kurangaituku (80 cents), Te Hoata & Te Pupu (NZ $ 1.10), Patupaiarehe (NZ $ 1.20), Te Ngarara -huarau (1.50 NZ $), Tuhirangi (1.80 NZ $)) on legendary figures of the Māori , including the Patupaiarehee .

In Coyle Park in Auckland there is an arch carved by Tim Codyre in 2009, which recreates the legend of the creation of the Te Tokaroa stone bridge : Patupaiarehe once lived in the wooded area around Waitemata Harbor . One night two groups were fighting there and the fighters of the weaker group tried to escape across the sea by building a stone bridge. But before they were finished, they were surprised by the rising sun and petrified in the light.

Māori Television , a New Zealand television broadcaster in Maori language , has a program called WAIRUA - Explaining the mystery behind the Māori spiritual world , which alsocoversthe Patupaia marriage .

literature

  • Florence Myrtle Matthews Keene: O Te Raki: Maori Legends of the North , Paul's Book Arcade (1963)
  • Margaret Orbell: A Concise Encyclopedia of Maori Myth and Legend , Canterbury University Press (1998), ISBN 978-0-908812-56-1
  • Kerry Raymond Bolton: Legends of the Patupaiarehe: New Zealand's White Fey Folk , Renaissance Press (2004)
  • AW Reed (revised by R. Calman): Favorite Māori Legends , Libro International (2013), ISBN 978-1-877514-56-2

Web links

References and comments

  1. ↑ James Cowan: Fairy Folk Tales of the Maori . Whitcombe and Tombs Limited, Auckland 1925 (English, online [accessed April 27, 2016]).
  2. ↑ In stories they are described as small, of normal size or even larger than people.
  3. ↑ a b Names for typical Māori flutes in New Zealand
  4. ^ Edward Shortland: Maori religion and mythology . Library of Alexandria, 1976, ISBN 978-1-4655-7992-8 , p. 42.
  5. ↑ Keith Sinclair: Gray, George 1812–1898 . In: Dictionary of New Zealand Biography . April 7, 2006. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  6. ^ Hot Lakes, Volcanoes, and Geysers of New Zealand, with Legends . Dinwiddie, Walker, 1888.
  7. ↑ Kate McCosh Clark: Maori Tales & Legends. Collected and retold by K. McCosh Clark… With illustrations by Robert Atkinson . David Nutt, 1896.
  8. ↑ Victoria University of Wellington (Dictionary of the Maori Language, letter P ): Patupaiarehe, paiarehe, patuparehe, parehe .
  9. ↑ Elsdon Best : Maori religion and mythology: being an account of the cosmogony, anthropogeny, religious beliefs and rites, magic and folk lore of the Maori folk of New Zealand . AR Shearer, Govt. Printer, 1982, ISBN 978-0-477-01093-1 , p. 559.
  10. ^ The Journal of the Polynesian Society . Polynesian Society, 1965, pp. 29-30.
  11. ↑ a b c d e Alexander Wyclif Reed: Reed Book of Māori Mythology . Reed, 2004, ISBN 978-0-7900-0950-6 , p. 193.
  12. ↑ Hazel Petrie: Outcasts of the Gods? The Struggle over Slavery in Maori New Zealand . Auckland University Press, September 21, 2015, ISBN 978-1-77558-785-9 , p. 29; the Ngāti Hotu were a very warlike tribe who lived at the southern end of Lake Taupo . Even today there are descendants of the Ngāti Hotu with light skin and slightly reddish hair, which is why they were associated with the Patupaiareheid in earlier times.
  13. ^ Theresa Bane: Encyclopedia of Demons in World Religions and Cultures . McFarland, January 11, 2012, ISBN 978-0-7864-8894-0 , p. 250.
  14. ^ David Hackett Fischer: Fairness and Freedom: A History of Two Open Societies: New Zealand and the United States . Oxford University Press, USA, February 10, 2012, ISBN 978-0-19-983270-5 , p. 524.
  15. ↑ Elsdon Best: Māori Religion and Mythology: Being an Account of the Cosmogony, Anthropogeny, Religious Beliefs and Rites, Magic and Folk Lore of the Māori Folk of New Zealand . Te Papa Press, September 1, 2005, ISBN 978-1-877385-06-3 , p. 546.
  16. ^ Makereti Papakura : The Old-Time Maori . Read Books Limited, April 16, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4465-4662-8 , p. 77: This term is also used for children with occasional albinism .
  17. ↑ a b c Victoria University of Wellington: Maori Religion and Mythology Part 2: Mythical Denizens of Forests and Mountains
  18. ^ John Macmillan Brown: Maori and Polynesian: Their Origin, History, and Culture . Hutchinson & Company; the Tutumaio are also among the tribes who colonized New Zealand very early in 1907.
  19. ↑ a b Kerry R. Bolton: Enigma of the Ngati Hotu , Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology, 2010, Volume 6, No. 2.
  20. ^ Theresa Bane: Encyclopedia of Fairies in World Folklore and Mythology . McFarland, September 4, 2013, ISBN 978-1-4766-1242-3 , p. 266.
  21. ^ Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand: Patupaiarehe and Ponaturi
  22. ↑ a b c Free translation of the English terms sea ​​fairies , stone people and ferocious forrest creatures .
  23. ↑ Elsdon Best: Māori Religion and Mythology: Being an Account of the Cosmogony, Anthropogeny, Religious Beliefs and Rites, Magic and Folk Lore of the Māori Folk of New Zealand . Te Papa Press, September 1, 2005, ISBN 978-1-877385-06-3 , p. 550.
  24. ^ New Zealand Institute: Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute . New Zealand Institute, 1902, p. 71 ..
  25. ↑ Te Ara - The Encyclopedia of New Zealand: Story: First peoples in Māori tradition - Patupaiarehe, tūrehu and other inhabitants
  26. ^ A b Victoria University of Wellington (Fairy Folk Tales of the Maori): Chapter XIV - The Fairy Woman of Takitimu Mountain .
  27. ↑ a b A. W. Reed (revised by R. Calman): Favorite Māori Legends , Libro International (2013), pp. 37-50.
  28. ^ New Zealand Post: Spirits And Guardians To Watch Over Post .
  29. ↑ Auckland: Sculpture by Tim Codyre
  30. ↑ Living Heritage: The Tale of Te Tokaroa
  31. ↑ Video of the Patupaiarehe sculpture created by Tim Codyre
  32. ^ New Zealand Film and TV: WAIRUA - Explaining the mystery behind the Māori spiritual world .