Pelamids
| Pelamids | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pelamid ( Sarda sarda ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Sarda sarda | ||||||||||||
| Bloch , 1793 |
The pelamide ( Sarda sarda ), also known as the Atlantic bonito , is a marine fish from the mackerel and tuna family (Scombridae). The fish live in the eastern Atlantic from Oslo (Norway) to Port Elizabeth (South Africa), as well as in the western and northern Mediterranean and the southern Black Sea . As a summer guest you also come to the North Sea . A west Atlantic population occurs from Nova Scotia (Canada) to Florida and the northern Gulf of Mexico . Also on the Caribbean coasts of Colombia and Venezuela and south of the mouth of the Amazon to northern Argentina . The pelamid is absent in most of the Caribbean .
features
The pelamid reaches a maximum length of 90 centimeters and becomes sexually mature at around 40 centimeters in length. The maximum published weight is 11 kg and the maximum age is five years. It has the typical spindle-shaped shape of the tuna, a large mouth and short pectoral and ventral fins. The dorsal fin is divided into two parts, with a hard-rayed part supported by 20 to 23 spines and a shorter soft-rayed part supported by 15 to 18 fin rays. The short anal fin has 14 to 17 soft rays. Between the dorsal or anal fin and the crescent-shaped caudal fin, there are 6 to 9 small rafts above and below on the caudal fin stalk. The top of the fish is patterned by 5 to 11 dark vertical stripes. The number of vertebrae is 50 to 55. There is no swim bladder . The spleen is large, the liver has elongated left and right lobes and a short middle lobe. The region behind the head and around the pectoral fins is covered by a corset of large, thick scales, the rest of the body is completely covered by small scales.
Way of life
The pelamid lives close to the coast in schools in the epipelagic at depths of 80 to 200 meters. It tolerates a wide temperature range (12 - 27 ° C) and changing salinity (14 - 39 ‰); on coasts it also goes into the brackish water of estuaries. As a predatory fish, it feeds on smaller fish, including small conspecifics, cephalopods and crustaceans . It can overwhelm relatively large prey. Eggs and larvae are pelagic . In the Mediterranean Sea and on the Moroccan coast, the fish spawn from May to July.
use
The pelamid is mainly fished commercially in the Mediterranean and Black Seas.
literature
- Bent J. Muus, Jørgen G. Nielsen: The marine fish of Europe in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Atlantic. Kosmos, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-440-07804-3 .
Web links
- Pelamide on Fishbase.org (English)
- Sarda sarda inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: Collette, B., Amorim, A., Boustany, A., Carpenter, K., Dooley, J., Fox, W., Fredou, F., Fritzsche, R., Graves, J., Hazin, F., Herdson, D., Juan Jorda, MJ, Leite, N., Lessa, R., Matsuura, K., Minte-Vera, C., Nelson, J., Nelson, R., Oxenford, H. & Travassos, P., 2010. Retrieved February 8, 2014.