Pemphredonini

Pemphredonini
Pemphredon sp.
Systematics
Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) Superfamily : Apoidea without rank: Digger wasps (Spheciformes) Family : Crabronidae Subfamily : Pemphredoninae Tribe : Pemphredonini
Scientific name
Pemphredonini
Dahlbom , 1835

The Pemphredonini are a tribe of digger wasps (Spheciformes) from the family Crabronidae .

features

The tribe Pemphredonini belongs to the subfamily Pemphredoninae . The species differ greatly in size and appearance. The smallest genus, Spilomena , is only 2.5 to 4.5 millimeters in length. The species of the tribe have a reduced wing veining with only one or two submarginal cells on the forewings and the wing mark is often enlarged. Because of these derived characteristics, they are considered to be more developed than the related Psenini tribe .

distribution

The Pemphredonini are common worldwide. There are 24 known genera in four subtribes, in Europe there are 72 species in six genera.

Systematics

According to Pulawski (2009), the tribe comprises the following subtribes and genera:

• • Subtribus Ammoplanina Evans, 1959
    • Ammoplanops Gussakovskij, 1931
    • Ammoplanus Giraud, 1869
    • Protostigmus Turner, 1918
    • Pulverro Pate, 1937
    • Timberlakena Godfather, 1939
  • Subtribus Pemphredonina Dahlbom, 1835
    • Diodontus Curtis, 1834
    • Passaloecus Shuckard, 1837
    • Pemphredon Latreille, 1796
    • Polemistus de Saussure, 1892
  • Subtribus Spilomenina Menke, 1989
    • Arpactophilus F. Smith, 1863
    • Microstigmus Ducke, 1907
    • Spilomena Shuckard, 1838
    • Xysma Godfather, 1937
  • Subtribus Stigmina R. Bohart & Menke, 1976
    • Allostigmus Melo & Naumann, 1999
    • Araucastigmus Finnamore, 1995
    • Aykhustigmus Finnamore, 1995
    • Ceratostigmus Melo & Naumann, 1999
    • Carinostigmus Tsuneki, 1954
    • Incastigmus Finnamore, 1995
    • Llaqhastigmus Finnamore, 1995
    • Paracrabro Turner, 1907
    • Parastigmus Antropov, 1992
    • Stigmus tank, 1804
    • Tstigmus Finnamore, 1995

supporting documents

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Manfred Blösch: The digger wasps in Germany: way of life, behavior, distribution . 1st edition. Goecke & Evers, 2000, ISBN 3-931374-26-2 , pp. 162 .
2. ↑ ^{a b} Wojciech J. Pulawski: Family group names and classification , Version May 22, 2009, Online (PDF; 113 kB), last accessed July 5, 2010.
3. ^ Pemphredonini. Fauna Europaea, accessed July 25, 2010 . 

literature

• Manfred Blösch: The digger wasps in Germany: way of life, behavior, distribution . 1st edition. Goecke & Evers, 2000, ISBN 3-931374-26-2 .