Jura capsule tensioner
| Jura capsule tensioner | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Perizoma juracolaria | ||||||||||||
| ( Wehrli , 1919) |
The Jura-cylinder lock ( Perizoma juracolaria ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the tensioner (Geometridae). The taxon was established as a separate form as early as 1919, but was not separated from the gentian capsule spanner ( Perizoma obsoletata ) until 2005 and recognized as a bona species .
features
The moths have a wingspan of 23 to 29 millimeters. The basic color of the forewings varies from light gray to whitish gray. The root field of the forewings is colored brown and is delimited by a black transverse line to the middle field. This is followed by a slightly wavy, white cross line, a darker cross line, another lighter cross line and a darker cross line towards the middle field. Large parts of the middle field are brightly colored, only on the front edge of the wing and on the rear edge there are indistinct blackish fields. They can be connected to each other by a slightly darker band ("middle shadow"). Usually a small, very sharply delimited, blackish discal spot is present. The outer transverse line and the subterminal line are brownish and jagged. There are two larger spikes in the middle. The fringing area is again a little darker. The subterminal line and the wavy line enclose a larger dark field between them at the front edge. Here the outer wavy line is strongly jagged, the prongs are lined with white. The brown hemline is repeatedly interrupted very briefly. The fringed scales are alternately light brownish and darker brownish piebald.
The hind wings are whitish-gray in color with a slightly darker, brownish border. The discal spot is small, round and dark brown in color. The hem line is light brownish and repeatedly interrupted briefly. The fringed scales are alternately brownish and light-colored.
In the female reproductive system, the bursa copulatrix is typically egg-shaped with a large egg-shaped sign. The anterior and posterior apophyses gradually decrease in diameter towards the apex. The anal papillae are medium-sized and a little elongated.
In the male sexual apparatus, the uncus is comparatively short. The comparatively narrow blades have a medium length. The outer and inner lines are almost straight or only slightly curved outwards. The apex of the valves is narrow and regularly rounded. The uncus is comparatively short and broad at the base.
Caterpillar
The adult caterpillar is comparatively short and stocky. It is pale yellowish to pale reddish in color. The segments are very distinct.
Similar species
The sister species Perizoma obsoletata can only be reliably distinguished from Perizoma juracolaria by a genital morphological examination. In P. juracolaria the female sexual apparatus is somewhat shorter than in P. obsoletata . Instead, the bursa copulatrix is relatively somewhat larger. In the male reproductive system of P. juracolaria , the outer and inner lines of the valves are almost straight (or only slightly curved) and parallel to each other. They are somewhat narrower and the apex is more regularly rounded than in P. obsoletata . The uncus is shorter in P. juracolaria than in P. obsoletata . The moths of P. juracolaria are usually a little lighter than the moths of P. obsoletata .
The gentian capsule wrench ( Perizoma obsoletata ) usually occurs at altitudes of over 1600 m, while the Jura capsule wrench ( Perizoma juracolaria ) prefers lower altitudes, but also rises up to 2300 m. There are also differences in the preference of the host plants. For the Jura capsule wrench, only the yellow gentian ( Gentiana lutea ) has so far been reliably proven as a host plant, while for the gentian capsule wrench, spotted gentian ( Gentiana punctata ), eastern Alpine gentian ( Gentiana pannonica ), purple gentian ( Gentiana purpurea ) and Swallowwort gentian ( Gentiana asclepiadea ) have been identified as host plants.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The Jura capsule spanner is found in the French western and southern Alps, in the Jura (Switzerland and France), in the Massif Central , in the Morvan , on the Côte-d'Or, on the Langres plateau , in the southern Black Forest and the highest locations in the Swabian Alb in front. Heiner Ziegler lists additional sites in Switzerland on his website: Le Lieu , Le Sentier / Le Rocheray in the canton of Vaud in the Valais Alps . It occurs here between about 600 and 2300 m altitude.
The Jura capsule wrench colonizes grasslands on slope debris corridors that are interlocked with bushes and on which the host plant, the yellow gentian ( Gentiana lutea ) grows.
Way of life
The moths fly in one generation from late June to early August. They are nocturnal and come to artificial light sources . The females lay the eggs on the ovaries or the petals of fully open flowers of the host plants. The caterpillars can be found in the months of August and September. They dig into the fruit capsules of the host plant and feed on the seeds. So far, only the yellow gentian ( Gentiana lutea ) has been reliably identified as a host plant. Although the swallowwort gentian ( Gentiana asclepiadea ) is a second species mentioned in the literature, this is very uncertain, as this species has only been detected in populations of Perizoma obsoletata / juracolaria in the Allgäu. These populations cannot yet be clearly assigned. The caterpillars may also switch from eaten capsules to other capsules that have not yet been infected. The fully grown caterpillars leave the seed capsules through a hole that has been eaten through the capsule wall and pupate in a light web on or in the earth, either in moss or between the roots of the host plant. The species overwinters as a pupa.
Taxonomy, nomenclature and systematics
The taxon was set up in 1919 by Eugen Wehrli as the new form Larentia alpicolaria HS juracolaria forma nova. The type locality is the Weissenstein in the Solothurn Jura (Switzerland). In later history, the form was taken as a synonym of Perizoma obsoletata (at that time mostly in the misspelling obsoletaria or its younger objective synonym Perizoma alpicolaria ). Since the name was published before 1960, it is available as a species name according to the International Rules for Zoological Nomenclature (Art. 45.6.4). Vladimir Mironov's rejection of the name as not available is therefore not valid. In 2005, Perizoma juracolaria (Wehrli, 1919) was separated from Perizoma obsoletata as a bona species by Roland Bérard, Claude Tautel and Robert Mazel . They state that the two species occur sympatric in the Val d'Escrin near Arvieux ( Dépt. Hautes-Alpes ) and below Venosc ( Dépt. Isère ). Neither intermediate forms nor hybrids were found there. However, no molecular genetic studies are available yet.
In 2009 Leraut listed the two species as Perizoma obsoletata and Perizoma alpicolaria (= P. juracolaria ) and the latter the ssp. affiliated with reisseri . In 1932 Karl Schawerda described the species Coenotephria reisseri , which occurs in Corsica. Vladimir Mironov put it in the synonymy of perizoma obsoletata . According to Bérard et al. (2005) the status is so far unclear. It could be a distinct, closely related species, a subspecies of Perizoma obsoletata, or a subspecies of Perizoma juracolaria . The Fauna Europaea rejects a subdivision into subspecies and uses reisseri as a synonym for Perizoma obsoletata .
Danger
In Baden-Württemberg, the gentian capsule strainer ( Perizoma obsoletata ) was classified as endangered even before the separation of P. obsoletata and P. juracolaria . Even after the redefinition as perizoma juracolaria , nothing should change.
supporting documents
literature
- Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
- Roland Bérard, Claude Tautel, Robert Mazel: Perizoma juracolaria Wehrli, 1919 comb. n., bona species. Perizoma obsoletata avilaria Reisser, 1936 stat. rev. (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae). Association Roussillonnaise d'Entomologie, RARE, 14 (2): 54-67. rarefree.fr pfd (PDF file; 3.5 MB)
- Rudolf Bryner, Heiner Ziegler: Perizoma juracolaria (Wehrli, 1919): A new species for the Swiss fauna (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Entomo Helvetica, 7: 61-68 2014.
- Axel Steiner, Ulrich Ratzel, Morton Top-Jensen, Michael Fibiger: The moths of Germany - A field guide. Bugbook Publishing, 2014, ISBN 9783000438622 (p. 208)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Vladimir Mironov: The Geometrid Moths of Europe 4. Larentiinae 2. 464 S., Apollo Books, Stenstrup (Denmark) 2004, ISBN 87-88757-40-4 (pp. 47-49)
- ↑ a b Bérard et al. (2005: p. 61)
- ↑ a b Forum 1: Determination of butterflies and their preimaginal stages: Contribution by Axel Steiner on June 24, 2014
- ↑ a b c Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
- ↑ Eugen Wehrli: About new forms and little-known species (Psodos) - from a lecture: Second entomological trip to Valais, 1918. Held (with demonstrations) in the “Entomologists Association Basel and Surroundings” on March 9, 1919 - by Dr. Eugen Wehrli, ophthalmologist in Basel. Announcements of the Entomological Association Basel, 11: 2-3, tables I, II, Basel 1919 (scanned reproduction in at www.euroleps.ch - website of Heiner Ziegler ).
- ^ Patrice Leraut: Moths of Europe. Volume II. Geometrid moths. NAP Editions, 2009, ISBN 978-2-913688-09-4 .
- ↑ Karl Schawerda: A new geometry. International Entomological Journal, 26: 283-285, Guben 1932.
- ↑ Perizoma juracolaria in Fauna Europaea
On-line
- Perizoma juracolaria (Wehrli, 1919) - www.euroleps.ch - Website by Heiner Ziegler (with illustration of the holotype, the reproduction of the original description and distribution)
- Lepiforum eV taxonomy and photos.