Purple gentian
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Purple Gentian ( Gentiana purpurea ) |
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The purple gentian ( Gentiana purpurea ) is a plant from the genus of gentians ( Gentiana ).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The purple gentian grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 60 centimeters. The simple stem is very strong.
The leaves are arranged crosswise on the stem.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from July to September, depending on the location. The flowers sit individually up to three in the upper leaf axils. The leaf blade is ovate, lanceolate and five-veined.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical with a double flower envelope . The sepals are fused. The bell-shaped corollas are purple with dark spots.
The tiny seeds weigh just 0.00048 g.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.
ecology
The flowers have a fine rose scent and are pollinated by bumblebees .
Occurrence
The purple gentian occurs mainly in the western Alps (up to the Arlberg ), in the Apennines and in Norway . It thrives best on soils poor in lime . It grows at altitudes from 1200 to 2800 meters. In the Allgäu Alps , it occurs at altitudes from 1180 to 2200 meters. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Nardion association, but also occurs in plant communities of the association Caricion ferrugineae or the order Adenostyletalia.
Possible confusion
The purple gentian is particularly similar to the spotted gentian ( Gentiana punctata ) and the Eastern Alpine gentian ( Gentiana pannonica ).
use
The underground plant parts are considered to be the best for making gentian schnapps .
literature
- Thomas Gaskell Tutin : Gentiana. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 60 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (= Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 755 .
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 333.
Web links
- Gentiana purpurea L., purple gentian. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Purple gentian . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Gentiana purpurea L. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved January 23, 2016.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén .
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).
- Gentiana purpurea inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . 2. Posted by: M. Bilz, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2014.
