Pervane

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Pervane Madrasa in Sinop (1267/68)

Pervâne Mu'in al-Din Suleyman (پروانه معين الدين سليمان, Mu'īn al-Dīn Sulaymān; Turkish : Pervâne Muineddin Süleyman) was one of the most important politicians of the Rum Seljuk Empire in the 13th century.

Surname

Pervane was the title of the Sultan's personal assistant. Mu'in al-Din Suleyman kept this title as a nickname even after his rise. The meaning has nothing to do with today's meaning butterfly , but comes from the word Ferman .

biography

Mu'in al-Din Suleyman was the son of Muhadhdhab al-Din, vizier of Kai Chosrau II. He was first in command of Erzincan . In the course of Baiju's campaign against the Rum Seljuks in 1256, with the permission of the Mongols , he got the office of Pervane in Konya , whose title was henceforth part of the name. Together with the Sultan Kılıç Arslan IV , he soon withdrew to the safe cities of Kayseri and Tokat .

From here he ruled the area he controlled autocratically with the support of the Mongols. He obtained permission from the Mongols to secure Sinop , which had been conquered by the Trebizond Empire , as personal property. When Kılıç Arslan IV refused, he was strangled at a banquet in 1265. Mu'in al-Din Suleyman then made himself the regent of the underage Kai Chosrau III. He supported the Ilkhan in their disputes with the Mamelukes , but at the same time tried to strip away the Mongolian supremacy with the help of the Mamelukes.

Gök Medrese in Tokat (1277)

When the Mamlucke Baibars I undertook a campaign to Asia Minor in 1277 and defeated a Mongolian army near Elbistan , the Pervane (whose troops had not intervened in the battle) was blamed for the defeat and, at the instigation of the Mongol khan Abaqa, followed on August 2, 1277 executed at a trial. According to a legend, its meat was served at the next Mongolian banquet.

Numerous buildings from his reign have been preserved, especially in Sinop, but also in Tokat, Merzifon and Kayseri.

His sons took over his possessions, especially Sinop, and built the beylik of the Pervâneoğulları. After the last male descendant died in 1322, the Beylik became the property of the Candaroğulları .

literature