Tehran Philharmonic Orchestra
The Philharmonic Orchestra of Tehran (Tehran Filarmonik) was the only philharmonic orchestra of Iran . Founded in November 1953, it is financed by the non-profit organization Anjoman-e Filarmonik Tehran . The aim of Anjoman-e Filarmonik Tehran is to inspire the Iranians through concerts, public performances, scientific lectures on music history and theory , the establishment of a music library and the publication of a magazine for classical European music. After the Islamic Revolution in 1979, the orchestra had to stop its concert operations.
precursor
The first performances of classical Western music took place in Tehran at the time of Naser al-Din Shah . In 1858 the French conductor Jean Baptiste Lumierre founded the first music school in Tehran, whose graduates founded the first royal orchestra.
Classical European music experienced an upswing in Tehran after Naser al-Din Shah's trip to Vienna. The arrival of Naser al-Din Shah in Vienna on July 5, 1878 was like a real folk festival. Johann Strauss (son) had composed a Persian national anthem on behalf of the Viennese court in order to receive the guest appropriately. An agreement was made with the Austrian government to send a military mission to build a modern Persian army. The luggage of the first Austro-Hungarian military mission in Persia also contained musical instruments that the military bandmaster Julius Gebauer had bought in Vienna and brought to Tehran. On May 22, 1879, Naser al-Din Shah took over the corps established by the Austro-Hungarian military mission for the first time. The Radetzky March was played by Johann Strauss (father) for the parade . Julius Gebauer, who later rose to the rank of general in the Iranian army, also founded a music school in Tehran and stayed in Tehran until his death in 1895.
The first symphony orchestra in Tehran was formed in 1908 after the Constitutional Revolution by the army officer Gholam Hossein Minbashian. The first concerts took place in the city hall of Tehran. Salar Moazez, who had studied with Nikolai Andrejewitsch Rimski-Korsakow and Carl Flesch , was one of these men from the very beginning . After his return to Iran, Moazez founded the first private conservatory and put together a 40-piece symphony orchestra with musicians from this school. Ten Czech professional musicians taught at the Conservatory, which significantly increased the musical level. After the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran in August 1941, the training of new musicians and the orchestra's performance activities came to a standstill because the Czech musicians had left Iran. It was not until 1943 that the "Tehran Symphony Orchestra" was able to resume its concert activities through the private initiative of Parwiz Mahmud . After Mahmud was appointed director of the Tehran Conservatory in 1946, he filled the symphony orchestra with musicians from the Conservatory's school orchestra.
Tehran Philharmonic Orchestra
In November 1953, in addition to the symphony orchestra, the first Philharmonic Orchestra in Iran was established, financed by the private, non-profit organization Anjoman-e Filarmonik Tehran . From 1963 the orchestra's activities were expanded with the support of Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi . She took over the patronage of the Anjoman-e Filarmonik Tehran . From now on, the orchestra was no longer reliant on membership fees and income from the concerts, but received generous financial support from Farah Pahlavi's office. The aim of this funding was to arouse interest in classical European music, especially among young people and students in Iran. The funding activities were a complete success: in 1970 the majority of the 1,200 members of the Anjoman-e Filarmonik Tehran were students. As a student, you could become a member of the orchestra's funding organization for a reduced annual fee of the equivalent of 25 cents (the regular fee was 3 euros) and attend its concerts at a preferential price.
Between 1960 and 1972, Heshmat Sanjari led the Philharmonic Orchestra to its first heyday. At that time there were concerts with internationally known soloists such as Yehudi Menuhin , Zubin Mehta and Isaac Stern . Herbert von Karajan also came to Tehran as a guest conductor . During these years the orchestra gave over 700 concerts with foreign and Iranian conductors in Tehran, Abadan and Shiraz .
After the Islamic Revolution in 1979, almost all art organizations were dissolved and the orchestras and music schools closed. The consequence of this was that many musicians emigrated. The Philharmonic Orchestra stopped its concert operations. All attempts to revive the Tehran Philharmonic Orchestra have remained unsuccessful to this day.
literature
- Anjoman-e Filarmonik Tehran. In: Her Highness Office Publication (Farah Pahlavi) . Tehran 1354 (1975). P. 41ff. (farsi)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b http://www.antike.us/iranische-musik/klassisch-europaeische-musik-8072.html ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ The hymn is performed today under the title "Persian March".
- ↑ Helmut Slaby: Bindenschild and Sun Lion . Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, 1982, p. 146-206 .
- ↑ a b Tehran First Symphony Orchestra (farsi)
- ↑ a b Publication by Her Highnesses Office (Farah Pahlavi), 1354 (1975). P. 41ff.
