Philipp Samson

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Memorial plaque in Wolfenbüttel

Philipp Samson (born March 2, 1743 in Wolfenbüttel ; died December 4, 1805 there ) was a German court banker of Jewish origin. He was a co-founder and later namesake of the Samson School in Wolfenbüttel.

Life

Philipp Samson, who came from a Jewish family in Wolfenbüttel, was the son of the wealthy court factor Samson Gumpel (around 1702–1767) and grandson of the court Jew Marcus Gumpel Moses Fulda (1660–1733), who had re-established the local Jewish community . His brother Herz Samson (1738–1794) worked as a ducal chamber councilor in Braunschweig .

Court banker

Philipp Samson, together with his brother Herz, was one of the wealthiest Jews in the duchy. He did successful banking a. a. with the Brunswick court under Duke Karl I and his son.

In 1795 he was one of the financiers for the Wolfenbüttel Lessing monument.

Jewish community

House that housed the religious school founded by Samson, which later became a synagogue
New building of the Samson School (1895) in Wolfenbüttel

Samson was head of the Wolfenbüttel Jewish community. In 1781 he had a synagogue built in the back yard of his house at Harzstrasse 12 , which existed there until 1893. In 1786 he founded a Talmud Torah free school from his father's endowment capital of 20,000 Reichstaler, which he chaired himself. This initially Orthodox religious school was merged with a teaching institution established by Herz Samson's widow in 1796 in the Samson Free School.

family

Philipp Samson died in Wolfenbüttel in 1805 and was buried in the local Jewish cemetery . The preserved tombstone bears the inscription:

Here rests a man who walked the honest way. All of his works were flawless. He did his work as a Torah teacher with all sincerity. His heart was on the goal of educating students. He always walked the path of purity. He was sincere through and through. Day and night he was in the house of prayer to pour out his heart before God. From his youth until his death he worked honestly and upright. The pious ruler Mr. Uri Fejbesch, son of the pious ruler Mr. Schimschon from Wolfenbüttel, may the memory of the righteous be blessed, went into eternity and was buried with a good name on Wednesday, 13 Kislew 5566.

Samson was married to Hanna Meyer Gumpel († 1818), whose grave has not been preserved. Both daughter Lea was married to Selig Leffmann Cohen († 1819).

Portrait

A half-length portrait as a medallion from the property of the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum can be found in the article in the Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikons on Philipp Samson, reduced in black and white .

literature

  • Family tree of the Samson family , 1912
  • Hans Karl Schulze : Contributions to the history of the Jewish community in Wolfenbüttel , in: Braunschweigisches Jahrbuch , ed. from the history association for the Duchy of Braunschweig,
    • Volume 48 (1967), pp. 23-61
    • 49, pp. 61-85 (1968)
  • Reinmar Fürst , Wolfgang Kelsch : Citizens of a Princely Residence , [Volume 1]: Fifty biographical portraits , Wolfenbüttel: Grenzland-Verlag Rock, 1982, p. 105f.
  • Ralf Busch (text): Samson School Wolfenbüttel (1786 - 1928). Exhibition on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the founding day, Wolfenbüttel 1986 (= publications of the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum , volume 46), [Braunschweig]: Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, 1986
  • Albert Marx : Die Hoffaktoren , in ders .: The history of the Jews in Lower Saxony , Hanover: Fackelträger Verlag, 1995, ISBN 978-3-7716-1577-2 and ISBN 3-7716-1577-1 , pp. 76-82; here: p. 81
  • Hans-Jürgen Derda: Samson, Philipp , in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Günter Scheel (eds.), Bergit Korschan-Kuhle (ed.), Silke Brandt, Elke Weyershausen (collaborators): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon , [Volume 2]: 19th and 20th centuries , ed. on behalf of the Braunschweigische Landschaft eV, Hanover: Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1996, ISBN 978-3-7752-5838-8 , p. 511
  • Reinhard Bein : Eternal House - Jewish cemeteries in the city and country of Braunschweig . Döringdruck, Braunschweig 2004, ISBN 3-925268-24-3 .
  • Herbert Obenaus (Ed.): Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen. Volume II , pp. 1573–1583, Göttingen 2005

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Hans-Jürgen Derda: Samson, Philipp , in Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Günter Scheel (ed.), Bergit Korschan-Kuhle (ed.), Silke Brandt, Elke Weyershausen (collaborators) : Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon , [Volume 2]: 19th and 20th centuries , ed. on behalf of the Braunschweigische Landschaft eV, Hanover: Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1996, ISBN 978-3-7752-5838-8 , p. 511
  2. ↑ Reinhard Bein: Ewiges Haus , Braunschweig 2004, p. 87
  3. ↑ Heinrich Schnee: The court finance and the modern state: History and system of court factors , 1953, p. 107
personal data
SURNAME Samson, Philipp
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German court banker and school founder of Jewish origin
DATE OF BIRTH March 2, 1743
PLACE OF BIRTH Wolfenbüttel
DATE OF DEATH 4th December 1805
Place of death Wolfenbüttel