Running spiders

Running spiders
Philodromus cespitum
Systematics
Class : Arachnids (arachnida) Order : Spiders (Araneae) Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae) Partial order : Entelegynae Superfamily : Thomisoidea Family : Running spiders
Scientific name
Philodromidae
Thorell , 1870

The running spiders (Philodromidae) are a family of real spiders (Araneomorphae), which predominantly inhabit warm climates of the subtropics . The main distribution of the mostly flat, slender and agile animals is South America . The family comprises 31 genera and 541 species . (As of December 2016)

description

In contrast to the crab spiders , from which they were distinguished by Heinrich Homann in 1975, they have four pairs of legs of the same length. The second pair of legs can be slightly longer than the rest. They do not lie in wait for their prey like the crab spiders, but catch it in a quick run . They do not weave any safety nets and some do not even weave living tubes, molting places or winter quarters.

The species of the genera Philodromus , Thanatus and Tibellus native to Central Europe can be distinguished by their body shape and eye position. Tibellus resembles the actual extensor spider ( Tetragnatha ).

Systematics

Ebo pepinensis , female

Philodromus fuscomarginatus

Tibellus oblongus with an early Adonis dragonfly ( Pyrrhosoma nymphula ) as prey

The most species-rich of the 31 genera are Philodromus with 216 species, Thanatus with around 100 species and Tibellus with 51 species. Is known and widespread in Central Europe, especially Tibellus oblongus .

The World Spider Catalog lists 31 genera and 541 species for the walking spiders. (As of December 2016)

• Apollophanes O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1898
• Bacillocnemis Mello-Leitão , 1938
  • Bacillocnemis anomala Mello-Leitão , 1938
• Berlandiella Mello-Leitão , 1929
• Cleocnemis Simon , 1886
• Ebo Keyserling , 1884
• Eminella Özdikmen , 2007
  • Eminella ctenops (Mello-Leitão , 1940)
• Fageia Mello-Leitão , 1929
• Gephyrellula Beach , 1932
• Gephyrina Simon , 1895
• Gephyrota Beach , 1932
• Halodromus pattern , 2009
• Hirriusa Beach , 1932
• Metacleocnemis Mello-Leitão , 1929
  • Metacleocnemis borgmeyeri Mello-Leitão , 1929
• Pagiopalus Simon , 1900
• Paracleocnemis Schiapelli & Gerschman , 1942
• Pedinopistha Karsch , 1880
• Petrichus Simon , 1886
• Philodromops Mello-Leitão , 1943
  • Philodromops coccineus Mello-Leitão , 1943
• Philodromus Walckenaer , 1826 (selection)
  • Golden yellow flat spreader ( Philodromus aureolus ( Clerck , 1757) )
  • Philodromus cespitum ( Walckenaer , 1802)
  • Philodromus dispar Walckenaer , 1826
  • Philodromus margaritatus ( Clerck , 1757)
• Procleocnemis Mello-Leitão , 1929
  • Procleocnemis concolor Mello-Leitão , 1929
• Psellonus Simon , 1897
  • Psellonus planus Simon , 1897
• Pseudopsellonus Balogh , 1936
  • Pseudopsellonus papuanus Balogh , 1936
• Pulchellodromus Wunderlich , 2012
• Rhysodromus Schick , 1965
• Senoculifer Balogh , 1936
• Suemus Simon , 1895
• Thanatus C. L. Koch , 1837
  • Silver Grass heart mark runners ( Thanatus formicinus ( Clerck , 1757 )
• Tibellus Simon , 1875)
  • Tibellus oblongus ( Walckenaer , 1802)
• Tibitanus Simon , 1907
• Titanebo Gertsch , 1933
• Vacchellia Caporiacco , 1935
  • Vacchellia baltoroi Caporiacco , 1935

literature

• Stefan Heimer, Wolfgang Nentwig: Spinning Central Europe. Paul Parey Verlag Berlin, 1991. ISBN 3-489-53534-0
• Heinrich Homann: The position of the Thomisidae and the Philodromidae in the system of the Aranea. Z. Morph. Animals 80 (1975) 201.
• Rainer F. Foelix: Biology of the spiders. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, 1979. ISBN 3-13-575801-X

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Natural History Museum of the Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.5 - Philodromidae . Retrieved December 23, 2016.

Web links

Commons : Running spiders (Philodromidae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Philodromidae in the World Spider Catalog