Picea koraiensis
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Branch with needles of a young tree |
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| Nakai |
Picea koraiensis is a species ofthe pine family (Pinaceae). It is native to eastern Asia.
description
Picea koraiensis grows as an evergreen tree that can reach heights of growth of up to 30 meters and diameters of up to 80 centimeters at chest height . The trunk ends in a pyramidal crown . The gray to red-brown, rarely gray, trunk bark flakes off. The smooth or hairy bark of the thin twigs is initially yellow through yellowish brown to reddish brown and turns yellowish, reddish or grayish brown into the second or third year.
The slightly resinous, reddish brown winter buds are conical-egg-shaped. The straight or curved needles have a length of 1.2 to 2.2 centimeters and a width of 0.15 to 0.18 centimeters linear-quadrangular in shape and have a quadrangular cross-section. Its tip is pointed. There are two to four stoma lines on each needle side .
Picea koraiensis is single-sexed ( monoecious ) and the flowering period extends from May to June. The cones are oval-cylindrical in shape with a length of 5 to 8 centimeters and a thickness of 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters. They are initially green and turn yellowish brown to brown by the time they are ripe in September or October. The seed scales are obovate to oblong-obovate and are 1.5 to 1.9 centimeters long and 1.2 to 1.5 centimeters wide. The obovate, dark gray seeds are about 4 millimeters long. They have a light brown, almost oblong-obovate wing, which is 0.9 to 1.5 centimeters long.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution and location
The natural range of Picea koraiensis is in North Korea , in southeastern Russia and in northeastern China. In North Korea, the species is found mainly along the Yalu River and in Russia in the Primorye region along the Ussuri River . In China, it comes in, in the province of Jilin located, Changbai Mountains and in Liaoning , southern Heilongjiang and the northern Inner Mongolia before.
Picea koraiensis thrives at altitudes of 400 to 1800 meters. It is a type of tree of the cool climate with snowy winters. The annual rainfall is over 1000 mm. The species grows mainly on mountain slopes and along rivers on different types of soils . Mixed stands are usually formed, especially with other conifers such as the East Siberian fir ( Abies nephrolepis ), the Dahurian larch ( Larix gmelinii ) and the Siberian stone pine ( Pinus sibirica ). In the northern part of the distribution area, the Siberian spruce ( Picea obovata ) also appears as a socialized species.
Picea koraiensis is classified as "not endangered" in the IUCN Red List . The variety pungsanensis is classified into any hazard category due to lack of data but could be at risk because of their small circulation area. Logging and deforestation , especially in the Russian part of the distribution area, are named as the main risk factors .
use
The wood from Picea koraiensis is used as construction timber, in furniture and shipbuilding as well as for the production of carvings, masts and pulp. Resin is obtained from the trunk and tannins are obtained from the bark and cones . Furthermore, the species is planted as an ornamental wood and for reforestation.
Systematics
Picea koraiensis is assigned to the subgenus Picea , the section Picea , the subsection Picea and the series Picea within the genus of the spruce trees ( Picea ) .
It was first described as Picea koraiensis in 1919 by Nakai Takenoshin in Botanical Magazine , Volume 33, Page 195. Picea koraiensis Nakai has the synonym Picea koyamae var. Koraiensis (Nakai) Liou & QLWang .
The species is divided into up to two varieties :
- Picea koraiensis var. Koraiensis which is nominate (Syn .: Picea koraiensis var. Nenjiangensis S.Q. Never & XY yuan , Picea koraiensis var. Tonaiensis (Nakai) TBLee ): It occurs from far eastern Russia to northern Korea.
- Picea koraiensis var. Pungsanensis (Uyeki ex Nakai) Schmidt-Vogt ex Farjon occurs only on Mount Pung-san in North Korea. A synonym is Picea pungsanensis Uyeki .
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Picea koraiensis. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed on July 31, 2013 .
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Picea koraiensis , pp. 27 (English, Picea koraiensis - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias & Robert R. Mill: Pinaceae . Picea. In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (eds.): Flora of China . Cycadaceae through Fagaceae. Volume 4. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , Picea koraiensis , pp. 27 (English, Picea koraiensis - online - this printed work is online with the same text).
- ↑ a b c d Picea koraiensis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed August 1, 2016.
- ↑ Christopher J. Earle: Picea koraiensis. In: The Gymnosperm Database. www.conifers.org, November 23, 2012, accessed on July 31, 2013 .
- ↑ a b c d Picea koraiensis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013. Posted by: P. Thomas, D. Zhang, T. Katsuki & K. Rushforth, 2010. Accessed July 31, 2013.
- ↑ Picea koraiensis. In: The Plant List. www.theplantlist.org, accessed July 31, 2013 (English).
- ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Picea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 15, 2019.
