East Siberian fir
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East Siberian Fir ( Abies nephrolepis ) |
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| Abies nephrolepis | ||||||||||||
| ( Trautv. ) Maxim. |
The East Siberian fir ( Abies nephrolepis ) is a species of conifer from the genus of firs ( Abies ). It occurs in southeast Russia, northeast China and the Korea Peninsula.
description
The East Siberian fir is an evergreen tree that reaches heights of growth of 30 to 35 meters and diameters of 100 to 120 centimeters at chest height . The branches go off horizontally from the straight trunk. The conical or oval crown flattens out with age. Young trees have a smooth, light gray to gray-brown bark that darkens and cracks with age. The yellowish gray-brown twig bark is furrowed and has sparse hairs in the furrows. You can find round leaf scars on it .
The resinous winter buds are rounded. The dark green, straight needles are 1 to 3 centimeters long and 1.5 to 2 millimeters wide. They are twisted at the base and are arranged in a spiral on the branches. The needle point is very variable and can be either notched or tapered. There are two white stomatal bands on the underside of the needle .
The flowering period extends from April to May and the seeds ripen from September to October. The yellow-green male cones are heaped on the undersides of the branches. The upright, oval-cylindrical to cylindrical cones are 4.5 to 7.5 inches long and 2 to 3.5 inches thick. Immature cones are purple and ripe brown. They are sessile and usually stand in small groups. The obovate to triangular, black seeds are 4 to 6 millimeters long and around 3 millimeters wide. They have a brown or black colored wing that is around 6 millimeters long and 5 millimeters wide. The seedlings have four to five cotyledons .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Distribution and location
The natural range of the East Siberian fir includes northeast China, southeast Siberia and the Korean peninsula . In China they can be found in the provinces of Hebei , Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning and Shaanxi . In Siberia, the distribution area extends from the Seja River in the west to the Sichote-Alin Mountains in the east.
The East Siberian fir is a type of tree with a cool climate. In the north of the distribution area it is found at altitudes of 500 to 700 meters while in the south it occurs up to 2100 meters. Most of the annual precipitation falls as snow. The populated soils are structured differently depending on the location but are always well drained.
In the vicinity of coastal areas, the species forms mixed stands with the Ajan spruce ( Picea jezoensis ) and the Korean pine ( Pinus koraiensis ). In the interior of the country, the East Siberian fir often socializes with the Siberian fir ( Abies sibirica ), birch ( Betula ), the Dahurian larch ( Larix gmelinii ), the Siberian spruce ( Picea obovata ), the Siberian stone pine ( Pinus sibirica ) and with Sorbus amurensis . At higher locations, the Sead tree ( Juniperus sabina ) and the dwarf pine ( Pinus pumila ) appear as associated species.
Systematics
The East Siberian fir is assigned to the Balsameae section and the Medianae sub- section within the genus of firs ( Abies ) . It was first described as Abies nephrolepis by Karl Johann Maximowicz in 1866 in the Bulletin de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg , sér. 3, Volume 10: Page 486. Synonyms include Abies koreana f. prostrate Kolesn. , Abies sibirica var. Nephrolepis Trautv. , Abies veitchii var. Nephrolepis (Trautv.) Masters and Pinus nephrolepis (Trautv.) Voss .
Where the distribution area overlaps with that of the Siberian fir ( Abies sibirica ), the natural hybrid Abies × sibirico-nephrolepis can form.
use
The wood is used as construction and furniture wood. Furthermore, it is pulp produced.
Hazard and protection
The East Siberian fir is listed on the IUCN Red List as "not endangered". It is pointed out, however, that a new check of the risk is necessary.
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Christopher J. Earle: Abies nephrolepis. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved February 7, 2011 .
- ↑ a b c d e Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Abies nephrolepis . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 47 (English).
- ^ Tropicos. [1]
- ↑ Abies nephrolepis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Retrieved on 7 February 2011th
Web links
- Abies nephrolepis in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2010. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Retrieved on 7 February 2011th