Siberian fir

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Siberian fir
Abies sibirica HDR.jpg

Siberian fir ( Abies sibirica )

Systematics
Class : Coniferopsida
Order : Conifers (Coniferales)
Family : Pine family (Pinaceae)
Subfamily : Abietoideae
Genre : Firs ( Abies )
Type : Siberian fir
Scientific name
Abies sibirica
Ledeb.
Branches with needles
Abies sibirica near Krasnoyarsk

The Siberian fir ( Abies sibirica ) is a medium-sized conifer from the genus of firs in the pine family . Their range is in Russia, in North and Central Asia and Mongolia , a subspecies is found in Kyrgyzstan . It is classified as not endangered.

description

The Siberian fir is a 35 to 40 meter high tree with a chest height diameter of up to 1 meter. It has a smooth, gray or gray-brown bark with numerous resin bumps that only break up into plates in older trees. The gray to gray-brown branches are hairy with thin white hair. The buds are small, hemispherical, and very resinous.

The needles on the top of the branches are dense and pointed forward. They are longer on the underside of the branch and stand horizontally. The needles are 1.5 to 3.5 inches long and 1 to 1.3 millimeters wide. They are rounded or two-pointed and have two resin channels. The top is furrowed and shows two to three short stomata lines at the top. There are two gray stomata bands on the underside.

The cones are cylindrical and 5 to 9.5 inches long and 2.5 to 3.5 inches wide. They are initially bluish and brown when ripe. The scales are broadly wedge-shaped, the cover scales are hidden. The seeds are about 7 millimeters long and have a wedge-shaped, 0.7 to 1.3 millimeter long wing.

Pollination takes place in May, the cones ripen from October to November.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24, less often 36 or 48.

Distribution and ecology

The natural distribution area of ​​the Siberian fir extends from Russia to North and Central Asia and Mongolia. There it grows in cool, moist forests on permeable, fresh to moist, acidic to neutral, sandy to gravelly humus, nutrient-rich soils in sunny to light-shaded locations. It is mostly frost hardy , but avoids calcareous soils. The semenovii subspecies can be found from around sea level up to altitudes of 2000 meters, the subspecies semenovii up to 2850 meters. There are pure stands, but they are mostly found together with other conifers such as the Siberian spruce ( Picea obovata ), the Dahurian larch ( Larix gmelinii ), in higher areas also with the Siberian larch ( Larix sibirica ) and the Siberian stone pine ( Pinus sibirica ). It is also found together with the silver birch ( Betula pendula ), the quivering poplar ( Populus tremula ), the mountain ash ( Sorbus aucuparia ) and the common snowball ( Viburnum opulus ), in the southwestern part of the distribution area also with the winter linden ( Tilia cordata ), the sycamore elm ( Ulmus scabra ) and the Norway maple ( Acer platanoides ).

In the Red List of the IUCN both subspecies of the Siberian fir are listed as not at risk ( "Lower Risk / least concern").

Systematics and research history

The Siberian fir ( Abies sibirica ) is a species from the genus of firs ( Abies ) in the pine family (Pinaceae). It is assigned to the Balsameae section . It was the German botanist Carl Friedrich von Ledebour 1833 in the fourth volume of his Flora Altaica first described . Synonyms are Pinus sibirica (Ledeb.) Turcz. non Du Tour , Abies pichta J. Forbes and Picea pichta (J. Forbes) Loudon .

Two subspecies are recognized:

  • Abies sibirica subsp. sibirica : It occurs from European Russia to Far Eastern Russia.
  • Abies sibirica subsp. semenovii (B. Fedtschenko) Farjon (synonym Abies semenovii B. Fedtschenko ). Abies sibirica subsp. semenovii differs through strongly furrowed branches, narrow resin canals, yellowish-brown seed cones and wider bracts . Its range is in Kyrgyzstan , where it occurs at altitudes of 1300 to 2850 meters.

In China, the Siberian fir and the East Siberian fir ( Abies nephrolepis ) form the natural hybrid Abies × sibirico-nephrolepis Taken. & JJChien .

use

The wood of the Siberian fir is used in the manufacture of lumber , furniture and wood pulp .

proof

literature

  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 714.
  • Aljos Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers . tape 1 . Brill, Leiden-Boston 2010, ISBN 90-04-17718-3 , pp. 119-120 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 1, p. 119
  2. ↑ a b Roloff et al .: Flora of the Woods , p. 714
  3. ↑ a b c Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Abies sibirica . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 48 (English).
  4. ^ Tropicos. [1]
  5. ↑ a b c Farjon: A Handbook of the World's Conifers , Volume 1, p. 120
  6. ↑ Abies sibirica subsp. sibirica in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: Zhang, D, Rushforth, K. & Katsuki, T., 2011. Accessed November 25, 2011th
  7. ↑ Abies sibirica subsp. semenovii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2011. Posted by: Zhang, D, Rushforth, K. & Katsuki, T., 2011. Accessed November 25, 2011th
  8. ↑ a b Abies sibirica. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed January 11, 2011 .
  9. ↑ a b Christopher J. Earle: Abies sibirica. In: The Gymnosperm Database. Retrieved January 11, 2011 .
  10. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Abies. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 6, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Siberian Fir ( Abies sibirica )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files