Vertical line

| ¦

The vertical bar ( English vertical bar , in programmer jargon often Pipe ) is primarily used in computing and mathematics. The character is displayed either as a continuous (|) or in the middle interrupted (¦) vertical line.

On PCs with the DOS , Windows and Linux operating systems , it is generated with the German keyboard layout using the Alt Gr+ <or Alt+ key combination 0124. The Swiss keyboard layout looks broken bar the key combination Alt Gr+ 1and for the continuous line Alt Gr+ 7ago.

On a Mac, it can be created on both the German and the Swiss keyboard using the ⌥+ key combination 7.

On a Mac with a Windows distribution via Boot Camp (software) , it can be created on both the German and the Swiss keyboard using the key combination cmd + alt + <

use

mathematics

The single vertical bar stands for
- the relation “ divides ” between whole numbers
- the conditional probability in probability theory
- the restriction of the domain of a given function: If two quantities and a function definition area is referred to as the function on with matches and is otherwise undefined. ${\ displaystyle A \ subseteq B}$ ${\ displaystyle f}$ ${\ displaystyle B}$ ${\ displaystyle f | _ {A}}$ ${\ displaystyle A}$ ${\ displaystyle f}$
- the function evaluation in one place. ${\ displaystyle f (x) \ vert _ {x = 1} = f (1)}$
- the difference between two function values in two places, for example in integral calculus : ${\ displaystyle F (x) {\ Big \ vert} _ {a} ^ {b} = F (b) -F (a)}$
- "With the property:" or "for which applies:" in the intensional notation of sets :
${\ displaystyle \ {2z \ mid z \ in \ mathbb {Z} \}}$ is the set of even integers,

${\ displaystyle \ {(x, \, y) \ in \ mathbb {R} ^ {2} \ mid x ^ {2} + y ^ {2} = 1 \}}$ is the unit circle
- the Sheffer's line in logic ${\ displaystyle A | B: = \ neg (A \ wedge B) \ equiv {\ overline {A \ wedge B}}}$

A pair of simple vertical bars (like brackets) denoted
- the absolute amount of a number
- the determinant of a matrix
- the power of a crowd

The double vertical line indicates the parallelism : ${\ displaystyle g \ parallel h}$

A pair of double vertical bars (like brackets) denotes a standard

physics

In Dirac notation in physics, there is a matrix element ${\ displaystyle \ langle \ phi | {\ mathcal {O}} | \ psi \ rangle}$

programming

In shells , a vertical line denotes a pipe . Pipes can be used to chain the input and output stream of two programs. (Ex .: ls | more)
In many programming languages (e.g. C , Perl and Java ), two vertical bars in a row denote the logical or and a single vertical bar denotes the bitwise or
In various programming languages (e.g. Rexx ), two vertical lines in a row indicate the concatenation of two strings
In some markup languages , the vertical line stands for the edge of a table cell
In some search engines, such as Google , the vertical bar - without a space between search terms - can replace the operator " OR "

Other uses

In lexicons and dictionaries, such as the Duden , the vertical line indicates possible hyphenation points for a word; alternatively, a center point is sometimes used
In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and in Khoisan languages , the vertical line indicates the dental click
In text science, the vertical line is often used to mark a page break
The vertical bar is used on the menus of gourmet restaurants when only the three main ingredients of the dishes are indicated in order to separate them.

Since the vertical bar is not used in normal texts, it does not count as a punctuation mark .

Coding

The vertical bars are defined and coded as follows:

International character coding standard Unicode
and coding in the web document format HTML
character	Unicode		German name	HTML
character	position	Surname	German name	hexadecimal	decimal	named
\|	U + 007C	Vertical line	Vertical line	& # x007C;	& # 124;	( not available )
¦	U + 00A6	Broken bar	Broken line	& # x00A6;	& # 166;	& brvbar;
∣	U + 2223	Divides	Split dash	& # x2223;	& # 8739;
⎮	U + 23AE	Integral extension	Integral line	& # x23AE;	& # 9134;
│	U + 2502	Box drawings light vertical	Element thin top-bottom	& # x2502;	& # 9474;
┃	U + 2503	Box drawings heavy vertical	Element thick above-below	& # x2503;	& # 9475;
┆	U + 2506	Box drawings light triple dash vertical	Element thin dashed top-bottom	& # x2506;	& # 9476;
┇	U + 2507	Box drawings heavy triple dash vertical	Element with thick dashed lines above and below	& # x2507;	& # 9479;
┊	U + 250A	Box drawings light quadruple dash vertical	Element thinly dotted above and below	& # x250A;	& # 9482;
┋	U + 250B	Box drawings heavy quadruple dash vertical	Element thickly dotted above and below	& # x250B;	& # 9483;
╎	U + 254E	Box drawings light double dash vertical	Element thin, large, dashed top-bottom	& # x254E;	& # 9550;
╏	U + 254F	Box drawings heavy double dash vertical	Element thick, large, dashed top-bottom	& # x254F;	& # 9551;
ǀ	U + 01C0	Latin letter dental click	Latin letter Dental click	& # x1C0;	& # 448;

The current version of the ASCII character set contains the vertical bar but not the broken bar. However, this occurs in the same old IBM character sets . However, the ASCII extensions ISO 6937 and ISO 8859-1 (also known as Latin-1) 1986 already contain both dash variants. Almost all modern computers with Latin scripts use an ISO 8859 variant or the Unicode standard and can therefore process and display both characters without any problems.

There was originally a reason for the two variants of the vertical bar (continuous and interrupted): In the older fonts there were those that represented the vertical bar in the same way as the lower case letter l (small L) and the capital letter I (capital i). In more demanding documents, three characters appeared with (almost) the same representation.