Población
As poblaciones ( Spanish for population ) are slum in the cities of Chile referred.
Classification
A distinction is made between poblaciones callampas , which arise from the noiseless occupation of worthless land, for example on sewers or under motorway bridges, and tomas de terrenos (land grabbing). A larger organized group occupies and coordinates a piece of land on the outskirts of the city.
extent
Various studies now assume that in the greater Santiago area around 33% to 41% of the population lives in poblaciones. It is important that not all pobladores live in poverty, but that individual streets definitely house the lower middle class.
history
Beginnings
The story of tomas de terreno began in Chile on October 30, 1957 , when 1200 families occupied a piece of land on the (then) southern edge of Santiago de Chile due to the miserable housing situation and founded the población La Victoria (German: The Victory ). A number of other large land occupations followed over the next 15 years. Initially, such settlements consist of the most primitive dwellings ( campamento ), but over time the infrastructure is also expanded, primarily through the pobladores' own efforts. However, it often takes decades before even primitive supply facilities are built. However, the development is not homogeneous within the poblaciones either: Individual parts of the older, better developed poblaciones are campamentos with cardboard huts and without asphalt roads, whose residents are not integrated into the población.
legalization
From the 1960s and especially under Salvador Allende until 1973 , numerous of these campamentos were legalized and were also connected to the urban infrastructure. During this time, the government also created Operaciones Sitios , plots of land with the most important infrastructure, which were sold cheaply so that the pobladores could legally build houses there themselves.
During the dictatorship
After the coup of 1973 and the massive cut in social benefits , the pobladores organized themselves in an initial phase primarily to ensure basic needs. For example, common soup kitchens were created. Between 1983 and 1986 , the goals of the pobladores changed: increasingly, alongside the students, they became the main force behind the protests against the regime. The whole time the Pinochet dictatorship was extremely repressive against the pobladores. Numerous were arrested, tortured and murdered (such as the Vergara Toledo brothers ) and the Air Force was even deployed in La Victoria .
Social housing
Social housing in the European sense (not just the mere provision of land) only began on a larger scale under the democratic government of Aylwin in 1990 .
See also
History of Chile , Economy of Chile
literature
Sperberg, Jaime: Marginality: The pobladores between poverty and social movement.
Usage of the name Poblacion in other countries
In the Philippines , Poblacion is often the name of the central barangay , or several barangays located in the center of a township , for example Poblacion 1 , Poblacion 2 and Poblacion 3 in Tagbilaran City .