Pokrzywno (Gruta)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Pokrzywno ( German Castel Sant'Angelo ) is a village in the rural community Gruta in the powiat Grudziądzki of the Polish Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The village is located in the former West Prussia, south of the Gdańsk Bay , about seven kilometers southeast of Grudziądz ( Graudenz ), halfway between Grudziądz and Radzyń Chełmiński ( Rehden ).

history

Ground plan of the Ordensburg Castel Sant'Angelo
Ruin of the castle gate of the Deutschordensburg Engelsburg.
Black and white reproduction of the banner of the Commandery of Engelsburg, which showed an angel with brown hair, in a sky-blue robe, on a red flag; the flag shaft was red on the cloth, otherwise light brown.

In 1222 certified Konrad , Duke in Mazovia and Cujavia that he the first Bishop of Prussia, Christian , for allowing us which of these the particular to Prussia Crusaders to rebuild the castle Culmen ( Kulm left), a part of the Chelmno country have awarded , including the former Grudenz castle and the village of Copriven (Castel Sant'Angelo, pol. Koprzywno). The Teutonic Order had the Castel Sant'Angelo built here around 1236, right after the city of Thorn was established, one of the oldest castles of the Order . Castel Sant'Angelo was one of the medium-sized religious houses.

From 1278 to 1416, Castel Sant'Angelo was the seat of a commandery and then belonged to the district of Roggenhausen until 1454 . The banner of the Commandery of Castel Sant'Angelo carried in the field showed an angel with brown hair, in a sky-blue robe, on a red flag, the flag shaft on the cloth was red, otherwise light brown. After the decline of the rule of the Teutonic Order, Engelsburg came under Polish sovereignty in February 1454. Engelsburg then belonged to the autonomous Prussian royal share .

The region came as part of the first partition of Poland-Lithuania in 1772, through which, under Frederick II of Prussia, western parts of Prussia were reunited with the eastern part of the Kingdom of Prussia to the extent that these parts had been connected with each other at the time of the Teutonic Order State of Prussia to Graudenz with the castle district of Engelsburg to the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1789, Castel Sant'Angelo is referred to as a royal village with 22 fireplaces (households) that belongs to the Castel Sant'Angelo Domain Office. In 1803, farmers in the district of Engelsburg were released from the obligation to provide natural services.

  • Pokrzywno zamek.jpg
  • Pokrzywno zamek (2) .jpg
  • Pokrzywno zamek (3) .jpg
  • Pokrzywno zamek (5) .jpg
  • Pokrzywno castle.jpg

From 1818 to 1920, Engelsburg was an estate district in the Graudenz district of the West Prussia province of the German Empire .

After the First World War , Castel Sant'Angelo had to be ceded to Poland due to the provisions of the Versailles Treaty of 1920 for the establishment of the Polish Corridor with the entire district of Graudenz . The attack on Poland in September 1939 brought the district back into the Reich territory and was now assigned to the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia , to which Castel Sant'Angelo belonged until 1945.

Towards the end of the Second World War , the Red Army occupied the region in the spring of 1945 . Had not fled far as German villagers, they were in the period that followed sold .

Population numbers

year Residents Remarks
1852 173
1864 217 including 51 Evangelicals and 166 Catholics

literature

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b Friedrich August Vossberg : Banderia Prutenorum or flags of the Teutonic Order and its allies, which were prey to the Poles in battles and skirmishes of the 15th century. Edited from Dingoss's handwriting. With many pictures . Berlin 1849, p. 44.
  2. ^ A b Adolf Meckelburg : Dingoss's Bandera Prutenorum. Revised from Vossberg's edition . In: Preußische Provinzial-Blätter , Volume 9, Königsberg 1850, pp. 321–367, especially p. 331.
  3. ↑ Max Perlbach : Prussian Regesta until the end of the 13th century . In: Old Prussian monthly . Volume 11, Königsberg i. Pr. 1874, pp. 1-32, especially p. 18.
  4. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, p. 38, point 3.1) .
  5. ↑ Johannes Voigt : History of Prussia from the oldest times to the fall of the rule of the Teutonic Order . Volume 6: The time of Grand Master Konrad von Jungingen, from 1393 to 1407. Constitution of the order and the country . Königsberg 1834, p. 546.
  6. ↑ Johannes Voigt : Name-Codex of the German order officials, grand master, land master, large area, commander, bailiffs, nurses, grand master-compans, crusaders and mercenary captains in Prussia , Königsberg 1843, pp. 29-30.
  7. ^ A b Xaver Frölich : History of the Graudenzer Kreis . Volume 1, Graudenz 1868, pp. 71-75.
  8. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part II: Topography of West Prussia , Marienwerder 1789, Third main part: Complete topography of the West Prussian Cammer Department , p. 50.
  9. ↑ Leopold Krug : History of the state economy legislation in the Prussian state from the oldest times to the outbreak of war in 1896 . Berlin 1808, p. 454.
  10. ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state '. Berlin 1856, p. 146.
  11. ^ E. Jacobson: Topographical-statistical manual for the administrative district Marienwerder . Danzig 1868, locality directory of the Marienwerder administrative district , pp. 20–21, nos. 4 and 5.

Coordinates: 53 ° 26 '  N , 18 ° 51'  E