Porcine Circovirus-1
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| Porcine circovirus 1 | ||||||||||||||||||
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The Porcine circovirus 1 ( PCV1 ) is a DNA virus of the family of Circoviridae . It has the smallest autonomously replicated genome of all viruses of eukaryotes , also smaller than the genomes of all living things . PCV1 infects pigs , which is where the name porcine comes from.
structure
As a circovirus, PCV1 is not enveloped . The genome of PCV1 is circular from ssDNA with two genes in opposite orientation ( ambisense ), rep ( replicase ) and cap ( capsid protein ). It consists of around 1759 nucleotides . The proof is carried out, among other things by nested PCR . The three viral proteins Rep (312 amino acids ) are formed from the two genes, Rep ' (168 amino acids) from the same rep gene by alternative splicing, and Cap (233 amino acids) from the cap gene . The replication takes place through the addition of a heterodimer from Rep and Rep 'to a stem-loop structure in the circular DNA via a melting pot - rolling circle replication . The capsid protein is assembled to form an icosahedral capsid with a diameter of 17 nanometers and a triangulation number of 1. PCV-1 is lytic and leaves the cell, destroying it.
Symptoms
PCV-1 does not produce symptoms in pigs and humans. The PCV-2 is closely related with PCV-1, but is pathogenic in pigs.
Rotavirus vaccine contamination
On March 22, 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suspended the recommendation to use the rotavirus vaccine Rotarix because of viral contamination . DNA fragments of PCV-1 have been detected in two lots from Rotarix. Further research by the manufacturer indicated that it was believed to have been present early in rotavirus production, prior to clinical trials for approval of the vaccine. DNA fragments of PCV-1 and PCV-2 were later found in the other rotavirus vaccine Rota-Teq . However, neither virus causes disease in humans. On June 8, 2010, the recommendation was made again.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Porcine circovirus 1 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
- ^ P. Mankertz: Molecular Biology of Porcine Circoviruses . In: Animal Viruses: Molecular Biology , Caister Academic Press, 2008, ISBN 978-1-904455-22-6 .
- ↑ J. Kim, C. Chae: Multiplex nested PCR compared with in situ hybridization for the differentiation of porcine circoviruses and porcine parvovirus from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. In: Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire. Volume 67, Number 2, May 2003, pp. 133-137, PMID 12760479 , PMC 227041 (free full text).
- ↑ A. Mankertz, R. Caliskan, K. Hattermann, B. Hillenbrand, P. Kurzendoerfer, B. Mueller, C. Schmitt, T. Steinfeldt, T. Finsterbusch: Molecular biology of Porcine circovirus: analyzes of gene expression and viral replication . In: Veterinary microbiology. Volume 98, Number 2, February 2004, pp. 81-88, PMID 14741119 .
- ↑ F. Faurez, D. Dory, B. Grasland, A. Jestin: Replication of porcine circoviruses. In: Virology journal. Volume 6, May 2009, p. 60, doi : 10.1186 / 1743-422X-6-60 , PMID 19450240 , PMC 2690592 (free full text).
- ↑ a b U.SFDA: Components of Extraneous Virus Detected in Rotarix Vaccine; No Known Safety Risk , as of March 22, 2010.
- ↑ a b U.SFDA: Detection of DNA from PCV1 in Rotarix .
- ^ A b WHO: Questions and answers relating to finding of porcine circoviruses in rotavirus vaccines. From June 3, 2010.
- ↑ USFDA: Update on Rotavirus Vaccines .