Presidential Council (Head of State)
A presidential council as head of state represents an organizational form of the executive branch in which a multi-member body takes the place of the president or king .
Historical examples
Presidential councilors as heads of state usually arise in the transition phase of states:
- In April 1990, a Presidential Council was set up in the Soviet Union for Mikhail Gorbachev , who was elected President of the USSR on March 14, 1990 , and comprised sixteen of the most important political decision-makers. The Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union lost influence.
- In the Hungarian People's Republic from 1949 to 1989, the Presidential Council was the collective head of state, headed by a chairman.
- Since the fall of Saddam Hussein , Iraq has had a presidential council headed by Kurdish , Shiite and Sunni representatives. A government can only be appointed by consensus.
- In February 2004, Kofi Annan's plan for the reunification of Cyprus provided for the establishment of a Presidential Council consisting of four Cypriot Greeks and two Cypriot Turks , whose chairmanship should change every ten months, following the example of the Swiss Federal Council .
- During the 2011 revolution in Egypt , after the resignation of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak , the opposition demanded the establishment of a presidential council. The army used the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces instead .
- In July 2011, suggested Abdul Ilah al-Khatib in his role as Special Envoy of the United Nations for the beleaguered civil war Libya a presidential council before to come to a truce. This should have been filled with two representatives from the east and two from the west of the then two-part country. The holder of the fifth seat should have been chosen by the four others.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mohammed al-Senussi: The Prince of Libya in the Handelsblatt on August 27, 2011.
- ^ Christian Schmidt-Häuer: The power center of the Soviet Union: Gorbachev's new guard in the period of April 27, 1990.
- ^ Iraq after the war in the State Center for Political Education, Baden-Württemberg
- ↑ Jürgen Reuter: The UNO-Cyprus Plan - a political and legal analysis of foreign information from the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung on Feb. 28, 2003.
- ^ Egypt's reform forces are calling for a presidential council in New Germany on February 15, 2011.
- ↑ Mubarak does not resign - masses angry in the Wiener Zeitung on February 10, 2011.
- ↑ Khaled Mahmoud: UN envoy to Libya proposes peace initiative - Sources ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Asharq al-Awsat on July 26, 2011