Pressburger Zeitung
The Pressburger Zeitung was a German-language newspaper that appeared - initially twice a week, from 1848 daily - from 1764 to 1929 in Pressburg (from 1919 Bratislava ).
prehistory
The first German-language newspaper in the Kingdom of Hungary appeared in the first Ofen printing house founded in 1724 by the German Johann Sebastian Landerer . On April 2, 1731, the first surviving number of "Mercury, who arrives twice a week" (No. 27) came out. The German Mercurius , which had been preceded by a few short-lived Latin experiments ( Mercurius Hungaricus , 1705–1711; Nova Posoniensa , 1721–1722), took most of its news from the official Viennese Diarium and other foreign papers because the newspaper had its own reporter not yet. Mercurius also took over the quarto format, the title page, the bilingual page division and the local news at the end of the page from the diary . Due to the lack of a permanent readership and the censorship conditions in the Mercurius, country news from Oven was rarely to be found. The situation in Germany at that time was very similar.
The first Hungarian-language newspaper at all, the Magyar Hírmondó (Hungarian Country Messenger), did not appear in Pressburg until 1780, half a century after the first German-language newspaper in Hungary . The sheet as a counterpart to the 1764 in Bratislava appearing Pressburger Zeitung emerged, appeared in Hungarian to respond to those groups which foreign language periodicals could not read, but above all, to promote the development of the native language. The first and most important editor of the Magyar Hírmondó , Mátyás Ráth, managed to win over numerous correspondents who supplied the paper with news from all parts of the country in the form of letters, which were mostly printed uncommented, as the first topic of the newspaper, foreign news only dominated in later Years. In addition to an extensive literary-scientific section, which mainly brought reviews of Hungarian publications, economic and social advertisements were another focus of the paper. The Magyar Hírmondó , one of the most widely distributed newspapers in Hungary, already had over 320 prenumerants in the first year of its publication, later the number rose to around 500.
The paper, which always represented national Hungarian interests, increasingly came into conflict with the politics of the Viennese court and the contemporary newspapers in the last years of its publication . Shortly before the editorial team was moved from Pressburg to Pest , the content of Magyar Hírmondó consisted mainly of official reports.
Under the title A Magyar Merkurius (The Hungarian Mercury) the newspaper was continued in Pest from 1788. At first she received mainly war reports on the clashes with the Turks, but contented herself with official information from the Viennese court. Over the years, the paper could not keep up with the Hungarian newspapers appearing in Vienna and ceased its publication on December 16, 1789.
Pressburger Zeitung
history
The beginning of a permanent newspaper system in the Kingdom of Hungary dates back to 1764. The first periodical newspaper in the Danube region to have a long life was published on July 14, 1764, at the suggestion of the Pressburg scholar, city governor and mayor Karl Gottlieb Windisch , which he shared with the printer and publisher Johann Michael Landerer came into being. The first issues appeared in a small quarto format (21 × 17 cm) with four bilingual pages. In the Avertissement , which introduced the first edition of the paper, it said u. a. that "Johann Michael Landerer privileged book printer in Pressburg" decided to print "weekly news of the latest and strangest incidents in Europe as well as especially in the Kingdom of Hunger under the title: Pressburg newspapers." In addition, everything should be published become "what you can find in other cities, in the so-called intelligence papers, as there are: Public publications, auctions, things that are for sale, capital that is sought or are to be borrowed and the like." The publisher also promised to try to “collect the best, surest, and strangest pieces of news, and to make this sheet as useful and pleasant as possible at the same time. But he will recognize it with the greatest thanks when friends and patrons from abroad support him in this project and report strange incidents to him ”.
Windisch, the authoritative first editor-in-chief of the Preßburger Zeitung, always tried to remain objective in his articles and, above all, he was careful not to cause offense, for example in religious terms, in his articles. In addition to his own work, his content was based on the Wienerisches Diarium , from which he took many contributions. The Viennese press was of course authoritative for Pressburg too until the collapse of the Danube monarchy. The consideration of the Viennese press was primarily for political reasons, as the fate of the empire was primarily directed from there. But Vienna was also always a role model for Pressburg in the cultural field.
Windisch gave the Pressburger Zeitung not only its sober political reporting but also a cultural element. He added a supplement to the newspaper entitled The Friend of Virtue (1767–1769). This supplement consisted mainly of literary contributions. In 1770, the supplement The sensible time dispenser appeared , which was kept in the tradition of English papers and contained essays on man and humanity. The third supplement appeared between 1771 and 1773, Das Preßburgische Wochenblatt . Windisch published almost exclusively articles with a scientific and economic character.
From the very beginning of the Pressburger Zeitung, Windisch attached great importance to the publication of scientific reports. In the " Scholarship" rubric, it was possible to focus on philological and scientific treatises with varying levels of quality, as well as "learned" (scientific) articles.
Since Windisch was not always of the same opinion with the editor of the newspaper, it is assumed that Windisch resigned the editorial management of the newspaper and resigned as editor around the time when he was appointed city governor of Pressburg. There are no written documents about this. Some historians put forward the hypothesis that Windisch might not have edited the Pressburger Zeitung since April 21, 1773.
Windisch's successor as editor was (~ 1774) the important geographer and local researcher Johann Matthias Korabinsky . He represented less enlightening views and, as an editor, was probably able to adapt himself better to the needs of the reading public. But even under Korabinsky, the Pressburger Zeitung exerted a significant influence on the readership. Korabinsky brought socio-political and cultural-political articles into the paper and exposed social tensions in society. In addition to local reports from Pressburg, reports on important political events were also printed. In conclusion, it can be said that the high level of the paper was maintained even under the editor Korabinsky.
The magazine followed the political line of the Viennese court, supported the reform policies of Maria Theresa and Joseph II , but nevertheless endeavored to assign the Hungarian nation an important place in the Habsburg monarchy.
In the first decade of its publication, the Preßburger Zeitung had only about 100 prenumerants, but as the popularity of the paper increased, so did its circulation and in 1780 it had a circulation of 6,000 copies. After 1788, the newspaper had spread in many large cities in Europe, such as B. St. Petersburg , Brussels , Milan , Bucharest , Trieste , Vienna u. a. own correspondents. As a result, reports appeared in the Pressburger Zeitung that other newspapers could only read six to eight days later. During the Russo-Turkish War and the French Revolution , the paper became a source of news for many other newspapers and was therefore widely read not only in the Danube Monarchy but also abroad.
Even in the age of absolutism (1849–1867), the Preßburger Zeitung remained the leading periodical in the entire region. As a semi-official organ of the Viennese government in Hungary, it was more successful than the Allgemeine Zeitung von und für Ungarn, also published in Pressburg .
For a century and a half the Pressburger Zeitung was one of the most important papers of the Danube Monarchy; it was a jewel of German-language journalism in old Hungary. It reflected the zeitgeist of the individual epochs, it witnessed many political changes and for generations of Pressburgers it was the newsletter of the city of Pressburg. In 1873 Karl Angermayer the Elder took over. Ä. the publication of the Pressburger Zeitung (from 1874/75 its responsible editor). Your strongest competitor at the time was the liberal daily newspaper Westungarischer Grenzbote . In 1907 Angermayer handed over to his sons Karl d. J. and Ludwig. However, the number of German-language newspapers was already decreasing before the First World War and after the World War they almost completely disappeared. With the emergence of the Czecho-Slovak Republic , the year 1918 brought the end of German-language magazines in most cases. Only the Pressburger Zeitung was able to stay on the market for almost a full decade. But the year 1929 brought the end of this newspaper too, in that year it ceased publication.
Frequency of publication
- from 1764: twice a week
- from 1842: three times a week
- from 1848: daily
- twice a day from July 17, 1876
- from 1877: daily
- from December 5, 1880: twice a day
Editing (selection from 1850)
- from July 1, 1850: Richard Rotter
- from November 20, 1851 Hermann Höchell
- from September 19, 1852 Matthias Pablasek
- from January 1, 1861 August Posch
- from March 30, 1861 Hermann Höchell
- from January 11, 1871 Ludwig Némethy
- from January 2, 1874 Ignacz Deutsch
- from July 10, 1875 Carl Koller
- from December 5, 1880 Carl Angermayer
- from July 1, 1883 Daniel Molec
- from January 1, 1885 Rudolf Lövő
- from August 1, 1907 Alois H. Pichler
- from 1922 Carl Angermayer, Junior
- from 1924 Emil Portisch
Editor of the Pressburger Zeitung
- Johann Michael Landerer
- Lander's heirs (from 1810)
- Simon Peter Weber (from 1812)
- Simon Peter Weber, son (from 1813)
- Carl F. Snischek (from 1820)
- Carl Friedrich Wigand (from 1825)
- Ignácz A. Schaiba (from 1837)
- Michael von Barich (from 1844)
- Michael Barich and H. Löw (from 1848)
- Carl Friedrich Wigand (from 1848)
- Alois Schreiber (from 1862)
- Carl Angermayer (from 1874)
- Daniel Molec and Carl Angermayer (from 1884)
- Carl Angermayer (from 1885)
literature
- Alois H. Pichler: Creation of the "Pressburger Zeitung", published for the 150th anniversary, Carl Angermayer, Pozsony-Pressburg 1913
- P. Rainer Rudolf, Eduard Ulreich: Karpatendeutsches Biographisches Lexikon. Working group of the Carpathian Germans from Slovakia, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-927096-00-8 .
- Budapest Lexicon, Akadémiai Kiadó Budapest 1993, 2nd vol. (Hungarian), ISBN 963-05-6409-2
- Jörg Meier: Studies on the German-language press in Slovakia, Leutschau / Levoča 1993, ISBN 80-85515-12-1
- Anton Klipp: Pressburg. New views on an old city. Karpatendeutsches Kulturwerk, Karlsruhe 2010, ISBN 978-3-927020-15-3 .
- Bibliography of German-language periodicals from Eastern Europe [1]
Web links
- Digital copies of the years 1765–1929 of the Preßburger Zeitung at DIFMOE: Digitales Forum Mittel- und Osteuropa - The portal of historical German-language periodicals in Central and Eastern Europe .
- Editions digitized by the Austrian National Library : Preßburger Zeitung (online at ANNO ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ According to other information, the printing company was only founded in 1727.
- ↑ Johann Sebastian Landerer came from Bavaria and immigrated to the Kingdom of Hungary at the beginning of the 18th century. In 1727 he founded a printing company and a publishing house in the 'water town' of Ofen. After his death, the office was first taken over by his widow and then by his son Leopold Franz Landerer. ( Budapest Lexicon , Vol. 2, p. 21)
- ↑ Jörg Meier: Investigations ..., p. 102f
- ^ Johann Michael Landerer (* 1725 in Ofen, † 1795 in Pressburg), printer and publisher. In 1750 he bought the Pressburg printing house of the Royer family; By buying various printing houses, he became Hungary's most important book printer. He was the first publisher of the Pressburger Zeitung . (Karpatendeutsches Biographisches Lexikon, p. 185)
- ↑ An original sheet of the Avertissement is in the ' Hungarian National Széchényi Library in Budapest.
- ^ Anton Klipp: Pressburg ..., p. 173
- ^ Anton Klipp: Pressburg ..., p. 174
- ↑ Jörg Meier: Investigations ..., p. 104
- ^ Anton Klipp: Pressburg ..., p. 107
- ^ Karl Angermayer the Elder Ä. (* 1838 in Preßburg, † 1917 ibid.) Was a printer's owner; worked in the Landerer and Heckenast printing works from 1862 ; 1871 editor of the Pressburger Zeitung.
- ↑ Werner Michler and Karl Wagner: Briefwechsel 1869-1878 , Böhlau, Vienna, 2003, ISBN 978-3205994824 , page 682, limited preview in the Google book search
- ^ Karl Angermayer the Elder J. (* 1877 in Preßburg, † 1938 ibid.) Was editor of the Preßburger Zeitung from 1907.
- ↑ Jörg Meier: Investigations ..., p. 145
- ↑ a b Bibliography of German-language periodicals ... , p. 116 (see literature)