Danube countries
As Danube countries that are States designated, the share of the catchment area of the Danube, the Danube Region have. Danube riparian states in particular are those that are riparian to the Danube , i.e. are directly on the river.
The Danube riparian states and Danube countries
At 2900 kilometers, the second longest river in Europe flows through or touches a total of ten countries from its source to its mouth:
- Germany → Austria → Slovakia → Hungary → Croatia → Serbia → Romania → Bulgaria → Republic of Moldova → Ukraine
In terms of kilometers , in contrast to other rivers (e.g. on the Rhine), one counts upstream because the kilometers of the Danube run like this, i.e. from the mouth (near Sulina in the central delta in Romania ) towards the sources (in Baden-Württemberg near Donaueschingen ).
Numerous other states have shares in their catchment area (alphabetically):
-
Albania , Bosnia-Herzegovina , Italy , Kosovo , Montenegro , North Macedonia , Poland , Switzerland , Slovenia , Czech Republic
- Czech Republic (eastern part): across the March
- Slovenia: via Mur , Drava and Sava
- Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and Albania (northern hem): across the Sava tributary Drina with its tributary Lim
- North Macedonia and Kosovo: via the Southern Morava and the Ibar
- Poland: Area around the Arwa Reservoir
- Switzerland and Italy: via the upper reaches of Inn and Drau ( Engadin or Livigno and South Tyrol ).
The main former Danube countries are the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) , the Ottoman Empire Istanbul, Russia ( Russian Tsarist Empire , Empire , then Soviet Union / USSR), and the Habsburg monarchy Vienna (later Empire of Austria and Austria-Hungary , with the countries of the Hungarian and Bohemian crown ), as well as the two states of the 20th century, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia (ČSFR), and the ephemeral structure of the Hitler state (Third Reich) .
List of the Danube riparian and their bank sections
| Country | by river kilometers |
right bank | both sides | left bank | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km | % | Danube kilometers | km | % | km | % | Danube kilometers | ||
 Ukraine
|
53.94 | - | - | - | - | 53.9 | 2 | 79.63-133.57 | |
 Republic of Moldova
|
0.57 | - | - | - | - | 0.6 | - | 133.57-134.14 | |
 Bulgaria
|
471.55 | 471.6 | 16 | 374.10-845.65 | - | - | - | - | |
 Romania
|
1075.00 | 374.1 | 13 | 0.00-374.10 | 319.6 | 18th | 1020.5 | 36 | 0.00-79.63 134.14-1075.00 |
 Serbia
|
587.35 | 449.9 | 16 | 845.65-1295.50 | 220.5 | 13 | 358.0 | 12 | 1075.00-1433.00 |
 Croatia
|
137.50 | 137.5 | 5 | 1295.50-1433.00 | - | - | - | - | |
 Hungary
|
417.20 | 417.2 | 15th | 1433.00-1850.20 | 275.2 | 15th | 275.2 | 10 | 1433.00-1708.20 |
 Slovakia
|
172.06 | 22.5 | 1 | 1850.20-1872.70 | 22.5 | 1 | 172.1 | 6th | 1708.20-1880.26 |
 Austria
|
350.50 | 350.5 | 12 | 1872.70-2223.21 | 321.5 | 18th | 321.5 | 11 | 1880.26-2201.75 |
 Germany
|
655.3 | 633.8 | 22nd | 2223: 21-2857 | 633.8 | 35 | 655.3 | 23 | 2201.75-2857 |
- The route information for Germany includes Breg (45.9 km)
- Sources: Danube Commission , Budapest, January 2000 to March 2004, values for Germany according to LUBW and river kilometers
The cultural and political area of the Danube countries
Despite their different languages and cultures, the Danube countries have a lot in common, which are historically determined: For centuries, the Danube was the border and connection between the Greek-Byzantine and Roman antiquity with the steppe peoples , and then the Roman , Germanic , and Slavic cultural area has developed to this day today's Magyars (Hungarians) in between.
From the time of the Roman Empire on the border, the Danube was a gateway to Central Europe until the High Middle Ages , from the migration of peoples via the Avars and Magyars to the Turkish Wars , so that the cultural borders moved up and down the Danube for many centuries. Since the 16th century, parts of Pannonia , the Batschka and the Banat have been increasingly populated by Germans on the Danube. Settlers from the area of southern Germany , Austria and Alsace downstream. In the long period of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and NATO , with the non-aligned Austria and Yugoslavia in between, the Danube has lost its importance as a transport route, but after the fall of the Iron Curtain it is now catching up again due to several factors, in particular successive EU enlargement down the Danube, favorable cost structures in the CEEC and common concerns of environmental protection .
Individual Danube countries have more or less loosely entered into political cooperation since the Middle Ages. Examples are:
- from 1856 the European Danube Commission EDK
- Re-established in 1921 as the International Danube Commission (IDK)
- In the 1920s / 30s, major German capital groups made intensive efforts to find space for the extraction of mineral resources and as an export destination, under the label "Central European Economic Day" (MWT)
- 1948 with the agreement on the regulation of navigation on the Danube as Danube Commission (DK)
- from around 1990 the Pentagonale (Austria, Hungary, ČSFR, Yugoslavia and Italy) for scientific and technical projects
- later expanded to a hexagonal line, from which the Central European Initiative (CEI) emerged after the Balkan Wars
- the Visegrád Group (Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland)
- 1990 the working group Donauländer (ARGE Donauländer, founded in May of this year in the Austrian Wachau ) for cultural and economic cooperation
- Their mission statement, which came into force in October 1998, for the Danube region under Bavarian leadership, primarily for the development of protected areas .
- 2011 the European Union Strategy for the Danube Region (EUSDR)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Note: Incorrect kilometer distance Straubing (5.7 km) taken into account.
- ↑ Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety: Hydrological Atlas of Germany Freiburg i. Br. 2003.
- ↑ Lengths (in km) of the main shipping lanes (main routes and certain secondary routes) of the federal inland waterways ( memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration.
- ↑ LUBW map service ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (State Office for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg).
