Prinds Christian Augusts Minde
Prinds Christian Augusts Minde , also known as Prindsen , is a socially and historically important building in the city center of Oslo . It was created in 1809 and was named after the Danish governor in Norway, Prince Christian August . It is located at Storgata 36 . The oldest building, Mangelsgård, has been a listed building since 1927 . In autumn 2009 the entire complex was placed under protection by the Riksantikvaren , the highest Norwegian monument protection authority.
Mangelsgården
Red frame = area protected by the Riksantikvaren Heritage Authority
Buildings: 1) Mangelsgården's main building. 2) Mangelsgårdens north wing, psychiatry. 3) Mangelsgården's outbuilding. 4) Mangelsgårdens laundry room. 5) Poor Hospital. 6) Christiania Asylum. 7) Men's section of the asylum 8) Women's section of the asylum 9) Factory building 10) Factory building, side wing with church hall. 11) Machine and cold store 12) Laundry 13) Retail
Prindsen was created as a country estate in the 1670s. The U-shaped building complex Mangelsgården (No. 1 on the map) is the oldest part of the ensemble. The main building of Mangelsgård dates from around 1698, but was heavily rebuilt in 1770. Visually, the facility stood out from the nearby suburb of Fjerdningen . However, the massive impression was weakened by the generously designed garden with its fountains, ponds and pavilions.
The first known owner was General Hans Ernst von Tritzschler (1647-1718), who was born in Germany . The next owner, General Fredrik Ferdinand Hausmann (1693–1757), had the garden laid out with fish ponds, pavilions and useful plants. Oranges and laurel trees were cultivated in front of the main building during this period, making the property one of the most beautiful in the city. King Fredrik V lived here when he visited Christiania in 1749. General Johan Mangelsen (1694–1769) later bought the country estate and gave it his name.
Work centers
In 1809, a group of wealthy citizens of Christiania founded a charitable association called Prinds Christian August Minde, which means In Memory of Prince Christian August . The name was chosen to honor the Danish officer and governor in Norway Christian August (1768-1810), who was about to leave Norway. The aim of the association was to help needy and unemployed people. The number of those in need rose sharply when the town's penitentiary was only used as a prison and no longer served as a labor and disciplinary facility for vagabonds.
The foundation bought Mangelsgård in 1812 and set up a spinning mill in the building. In 1819 the facility had established itself as a workhouse . Poor and unemployed people could find paid work here. In principle, the work should be voluntary, but there were also compulsory admissions from the start. Thus Prindsen quickly a focal point for the needy, the disabled and people who do not have been able to earn a living. In addition, children who had no families or someone who could look after them were housed here.
The main work in the institution was spinning, weaving, stone carving and winding old ropes. In addition, the workers were loaned to third parties as cheap labor.
After a while, Mangelsgård proved too small and several new buildings were added. In 1833 the factory building of the architect Christian Heinrich Grosch (No. 9 on the map) and in 1856 the laundry (No. 12) went into operation.
psychiatry
The Oslo municipality of Aker already had a psychiatric clinic , the Oslo Hospital . It was administered by the Stiftsdieksjon, a control body made up of bishops and senior officials of the regional administration. Patients who could no longer be forced to work were accommodated here. The hospital could also be used by Christiania, but over the years there were fewer places there, which were also expensive for the community. In 1829 Christiania had its own psychiatric ward with nine places in the north wing of Mangelsgård (No. 2 on the map). As early as 1834, the psychiatric wing was increased by one floor because more beds were needed. Little is known about the forms of treatment there. In 1848 Norway passed the first law on mental illness, regulating accommodation, staff and treatment. The doctors received the monopoly for the treatment without showing any better professional competence than the operators of the institutions. Extensive improvements now had to be made in the Mangelsgården department, so that the institution was able to obtain legal recognition in 1850. Further extensions were added over the next ten years (No. 6-8). At weddings, the psychiatry was occupied with 120 places.
The community held on to the facility until 1905, when the Dikemark Hospital in Asker took over the male patients, in 1908 female patients were also moved and the facility closed.
19th century
In 1840 the poor hospital (No. 5 on the map) was incorporated into the area, behind Mangelsgård. It only had this function for a short time. It was later converted into an old people's home and a women's department for psychiatry and the workhouse. From 1886 to 1898 there was a hospital section for women with venereal diseases .
There was a time when a police doctor had examination rooms for local prostitutes . It is possible that Christian Krohg , who had his studio nearby, got the inspiration for his painting “ Albertine I politilægens venteværelse ” ( Albertine in the waiting room of the police doctor ).
Before the Storting , the parliament of Norway, got its own building, their meetings took place every third year in the Katedralskolen . During these periods the school used Mangelsgård for its activities.
20th century
The psychiatry in Prindsen was closed in 1908. After a while there were also changes in the clientele that belonged to the workhouse. The tramps law ( løsgjengerloven ) and its provisions on forced labor were still in force until 1970. In the meantime, a state institution, the Opstadt tvangsarbeidshus (Opstadt Forced Labor House) , was opened in the Jæren region in 1915 . So this department of the Prindsen was gradually closed and instead a shelter and rehabilitation center for addicts was established. Many of the workshops continued to operate until the late 1970s.
In 1927 Mangelsgård was listed as a historical monument.
Around 1930 a functionalist wooden building (No. 13 on the map) was erected which contained retail stores. These served as a replacement for the demolished shops called Youngstorget Oslo Bazaars , as the Folketeater in the square Youngstorget was built.
2000s
After renovations, the area is used, among other things, as a retirement home , for assisted living , as the seat of social institutions and as a place to stay. The Prindsenkjøkkenet (Prindsenküche), which was the central kitchen of the workhouse from 1833, was in operation until 2006. In the retail shops on the site there are used goods dealers and fair trade shops on a non-profit basis. The profit from these deals goes to development projects. Another operator is the Kirkens Bymisjon (Church City Mission, a diaconal network ). You started the Batteriet project to fight poverty in Norway.
At times the district Grünerløkka (then called Grünerløkka-Sofienberg) administered the area. The district logo still includes a drawing of Mangelsgård. Several minor activities of cultural and social life took place during this period. However, little repair work was done on the Mangelsgården buildings, so they and the outside area continued to deteriorate. Omsorgsbygg KF has been managing the facility since 2004 . However, rent increases have caused many tenants to move out.
In 2006 the association Prindsens venner (Prindsenfreunde) was founded .
In the summer of 2007, temporary containers were built behind the shops. The city's drug consumption room is now housed here. This facility was very controversial.
The Byantikvar Oslo as the municipal monument authority presented a plan in 2006 to put the entire area of Mangelsgården under monument protection . Thon Eiendom , which owns all of the adjoining buildings in Brugata , submitted a proposal for a regulation on privatization in 2005 and 2009. The Riksantikvar spoke out against the proposal on both occasions, due to protests on the part of Kulturvernhold . In autumn 2009 the Riksantivar put the area under monument protection.
In September 2012, a new development plan for the district was approved, which also includes changes to the Prindsen property.
The slum area
Prinds Christian Augusts Minde is also known as De fattiges kvartal ( the poor district ). For 200 years there have been activities relating to the needy and socially outcast. Seen in this way, the area is the opposite of the buildings and places that are normally protected and whose preservation is important.
Architecturally, the complex is sealed off from the outside, as the needy and mentally ill people should not be seen. Despite changes in social conditions, this isolation remained. This made Prindsen unique in Norway. The authorities value this fact.
literature
- Wenche Blomberg: Christiania Dollhus - mellom dårekista and asylet . Universitetet i Oslo, 2005
- Wenche Blomberg: Prinds Christian Augusts Minde - historie og visjoner om de fattiges kvartal . Oslo, 2006
- Oslo byleksikon
Individual evidence
- ↑ MANGELSGÅRDEN - Prinds Christian Augusts Minde. (No longer available online.) In: kulturminnesøk. riksantikvaren, archived from the original on December 11, 2015 ; Retrieved August 28, 2013 (Norwegian). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Former name of Oslo
- ↑ Approval of the development plan - Prindsens Venner accessed on January 8, 2013 (Norwegian)
Web links
- Website of the Prindsens venner (Prindsen Friends) association accessed on January 5, 2013 (Norwegian)
- Description of the psychiatry on the site (Galskapens hus) accessed on January 5, 2013 (Norwegian)
- Description with floor plans and pictures (pdf, 7 MB) - accessed on January 5, 2013 (Norwegian)
- Prinds Christian Augusts Minde sikres - Riksantikvaren Retrieved January 5, 2013 (Norwegian)
- Prinds Christian Augusts Minde fredet - Riksantikvaren accessed January 5, 2013 (Norwegian)
Coordinates: 59 ° 54 ′ 55 " N , 10 ° 45 ′ 21.4" E