Promops
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| Gervais , 1856 |
Promops is a genus of bats from the family of bulldog bats (Molossidae). There are three types found in Central and South America .
features
These bats reach a head-trunk length of 60 to 90 mm, a tail length of 45 to 75 mm and a weight of 14 to 17 g. The forearms are 43 to 63 mm long. The fur of the animals is generally brown or black on the back, the front is usually pale. The head has a characteristic short, broad shape with a round skullcap. As with other closely related bulldog bats, the ears meet on the forehead. Another distinctive feature of the genus are the long heel spurs ( calcars ) that almost reach the tail.
Types and distribution
There are three types:
- Promops centralis has three separate populations. The first iswidespreadfrom Mexico to Nicaragua and Panama , the second from northern Colombia via Venezuela to the Guiana mountains. It is also found in Trinidad and Tobago . The third population, referred to by some authors as the subspecies P. centralis occultus , lives on the eastern slopes of the Andes in the states of Bolivia , Peru and Paraguay to northern Argentina . No occurrences of the species were discovered in thecentral part of the Amazon basin .
- Promops nasutus , is found from central Colombia to Venezuela to northern Argentina. However, there are also three distinct areas in this large range in which the species occurs. The first is located in northern South America and extends from Colombia through the Guiana states to northern Brazil . The second includes the Brazilian states of Bahia , Minas Gerais and São Paulo on the Atlantic coast. The third area includes parts of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul and the neighboring states of Bolivia , Paraguay and Argentina.
- Promops davisoni was consideredan independent speciesfrom the first description by Oldfield Thomas in 1921 until the 1960s, but was later mostly regarded as a subspecies of Promops centralis . In terms of its characteristics, however, it stands between the other two species. This fact and the isolated distribution area west of the Andes in the states of Ecuador and Peru close to the border with Chile have led to the re-establishment of the species.
The species Promops centralis and Promops nasutus are not considered to be endangered ( Least Concern ) because they have a very large distribution area. The degree of risk posed by Promops davisoni has not yet been investigated.
Way of life
The way of life is mainly known for Promops centralis . This species can be found in different habitats, e.g. B. evergreen forests, deciduous deciduous forests or open landscapes. In the Andes and other mountains, 1,800 meters above sea level are reached. Small groups rest together in tree hollows, under large leaves or in house roofs. There are only a few studies of the acquisition and reproduction of the two species of species. According to this, the animals hunt insects . The litter of these bats usually consists of only one young animal.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ronald M. Nowak: Walker's Mammals of the World. Volume 1. 6th edition. 1999, pp. 485-486, ISBN 0-8018-5789-9 .
- ↑ Brown Mastiff , Fauna Paraguay, visited February 15, 2015.
- ↑ Don E. Wilson , DeeAnn M. Reeder (Ed.): Mammal Species of the World . A taxonomic and geographic Reference . 3. Edition. 2 volumes. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore MD 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4 (English, Promops ).
- ^ A b Renato Gregorin & Elisandra Almeida Chiquito: Revalidation of Promops davisoni Thomas (Molossidae). Chiroptera Neotropical, July 16, 1, 2010
- ↑ Marisel Flores Quispe, Giüseppy Calizaya Mamani, Víctor Pacheco & Giovanni Aragón Alvarado: Distribution of Promops davisoni Thomas, 1921 (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Peru with a new record and southward range extension. Check List, 11, 2, Article 1573, pp. 1–7, February 2015 doi : 10.15560 / 11.2.1573
- ↑ Promops in the IUCN 2012 Red List of Threatened Species . Accessed February 15, 2015.