Deciduous deciduous forest

The climax vegetation in the temperate zone of Europe , East Asia and in the eastern half of North America is called deciduous deciduous forest .

Deciduous deciduous forest in springtime, Germany

The deciduous deciduous forest of Europe is made up of beeches , oaks , maples , elms , linden , ash , alder and other deciduous tree species . Typical shrubs are the common hazel , hawthorn species and mountain ash at higher altitudes . The soil flora consists of ivy , hazel root , clove root and various geophytes .

Conditions for the formation of a deciduous deciduous forest are:

• a warm-humid phase (over 10 degrees Celsius)
• a longer period of frost (below −10 degrees Celsius)
• at least 500 mm of precipitation per year