Proviantbach district
The Proviantbachquartier is a former workers' settlement of the Mechanical Cotton Spinning and Weaving Mills Augsburg (SWA) in the Augsburg textile quarter . The 21 three-storey bare brick buildings with more than 300 apartments were built between 1892 and 1909 along the Proviantbachstrasse and Otto-Lindenmeyer- Strasse, which run at an acute angle to the associated Plant III: Proviantbach (so-called factory castle ) . In 1910, Plant IV: Aumühle (so-called glass palace ) was built in the immediate vicinity of the quarter .
The quarter, which has been under ensemble protection since 1986, comprises the following houses: Proviantbachstrasse 10, 12, 14–24, 25–39 (odd numbers), Otto-Lindenmeyer-Strasse 34, 36, 38, 40, 67, 69.
Emergence
The mechanical cotton spinning and weaving mill in Augsburg reacted to the housing shortage that prevailed in the workers 'quarters of Augsburg in the 19th century by building workers' apartments. The people lived in overcrowded apartments under catastrophic hygienic conditions. The provision of workers' housing was part of the concept of the patriarchal corporate welfare system of the SWA. The factory management followed the approach to solving the social question that began in the 1850s , similar to other industrial companies throughout Germany and the industrial core areas of Bavaria such as Augsburg, Nuremberg or Fürth.
The factory order underlines the paternalistic ideas on which the welfare system was based.
"For the protection and paternal care that all workers have to expect from their superiors, they promise them loyalty and loyalty."
However, company housing was not only used for charitable purposes, because indirectly or directly the measures were also motivated by a cost-benefit calculation. The factory apartments were intended to bind the skilled workers to the factory, and the model of a loyal factory worker emerged. In this context it should also be taken into account that in 1874 approx. 88% of the employees of the Augsburg textile factories were women, children and young people. In 1904, only 13.5% of the 2,560 SWA workers were housed in company apartments .
The apartment size was between 32 m² and 54 m² and ranged from two-room apartments without a kitchen in the attic to comfortable five-room apartments on the ground floor. Every tenant had the right to use a garden. A communal wash house was available for 8 to 10 tenants. Little by little, there were shops: grocery store (1909), butcher (1911), milk shop, baker (1911) and hairdresser. In-house clubs (Sängerbund (1885), gymnastics club with sports field (1907), company fire department (1874), FC Wacker (1920)) were added. The quarter developed into a closed housing estate.
The factory apartments restored the local connection between work, living and leisure, which had been abolished by industrialization and the end of domestic manufacturing. This was also an instrument of discipline, since the factory worker - as was quite common at that time and also regulated supra-regionally in the factory regulations - was now subject to permanent control by the factory owners. The factory's area of activity thus also expanded to include the room category and possibly even private life. Many workers therefore saw workers' apartments as a further means of exerting pressure on workers.
The rental regulations of the SWA contained the passage that family members of the tenant who work in another factory are excluded from enjoying the factory apartment. This means that there was no free choice of job for the tenant's wife and children. Like their father, they had to work in the SWA or move out. The factory thus secured a permanent workforce for generations.
Beyond the local railway tracks, to the right and left of the street, are the former master's apartments for senior SWA employees.
Children's home
In 1926, the SWA built a children's home on the nearby Zimmererstrasse (since then renamed Hermann-Kluftinger-Strasse). The working mothers were able to place toddlers from 2 to 6 years and after-school children between 6 and 14 years there. The in-house kindergarten also had an infant station for a few years and was closed at the end of the Second World War. Although not part of the actual Proviantbach district, the building is directly related to the workers' estate. Today it contains the Simpert School Augsburg , an establishment of the Schwabenhilfe für Kinder eV
Development until 2009
After the Second World War, barracks were set up mainly for refugees, which remained in place until the 1970s and were inhabited by the recruited foreign workers. Until the 1950s, the residents of the Proviantbach district were mostly German. With the recruitment of guest workers, Italians were added from 1950, Yugoslavs from 1960 and Turks from 1970. In 1972 a real estate company became the owner of the estate. In 1980 two thirds of the residents were foreigners. There was hardly any contact between the various population groups.
The houses gradually came down in the following decades. After the renovation of the “factory castle”, the population mix was further enlarged by the resettlement of the residents of the asylum seekers' home there and resettled families in the area. Due to the intention to extensively renew the quarter, the residents had to leave their houses by 2009.
New Proviantbach district
The entire quarter was designated as a redevelopment area in 2009, after which extensive redevelopment and revitalization is planned. A corresponding urban development contract between the city of Augsburg and an investor already exists. The "Neue Proviantbachquartier" has been on the market since mid-2009; construction of the first construction phase began in December 2009.
literature
- Bernt von Hagen, Angelika Wegener-Hüssen: Monuments in Bavaria (= City of Augsburg . Volume 83 ). Lipp, Munich 1994, ISBN 3-87490-572-1 .
- Clasen, Claus-Peter: Weaving in difficult times - The Augsburg textile industry in the 19th century (= studies on the history of Bavarian Swabia . Volume 35 ). Augsburg 2006.
- Günther Grünsteudel , Günter Hägele, Rudolf Frankenberger (eds.): Augsburger Stadtlexikon . 2nd Edition. Perlach, Augsburg 1998, ISBN 3-922769-28-4 .
- Wolfgang Wallenta, Barbara Wolf: Apartment building for factory workers. Textile district. 1905. Proviantbachstrasse 18 in House history (s). Augsburg houses and their residents. Booklet 26. Architecture Museum Swabia. Wißner, Augsburg 2009, ISBN 3-89639-750-8 .
- History workshop Augsburg e. V. (Hrsg.): Life in the Proviantbach quarter. Home or object of speculation? AV, Augsburg 1990, ISBN 3-925274-36-7 .
- Ilse Fischer : Industrialization, social conflict and political decision-making in the urban community. A contribution to the social history of Augsburg 1840–1914. Mühlberger, Augsburg 1977, ISBN 3-921133-20-3 .
- Christian Demuth: A difficult start. The early labor movement in Augsburg 1848–1875. Wißner, Augsburg 2003, ISBN 3-89639-366-9 .
- Wüst, Wolfgang: The social question in the factory workers and the operationally patriarchal solution models in Augsburg at the time of industrialization . Journal for Bavarian State History 45, pp. 67–86, 1982.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stadtlexikon, p. 727
- ↑ Monuments in Bavaria: City of Augsburg p. 28
- ↑ Wüst, Wolfgang (1982), pp. 67-86.
- ↑ Life in the Proviantbach district
- ↑ Fischer, p. 214
- ↑ Stadtlexikon, p. 727
- ↑ Life in the Proviantbach district
- ↑ early workers' movement in Augsburg, p. 69
- ↑ Fischer, p. 216
Coordinates: 48 ° 22 '0.5 " N , 10 ° 55' 28.7" E
