Puccinia arachidis
| Puccinia arachidis | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Puccinia arachidis attack on the underside of the leaf |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Puccinia arachidis | ||||||||||||
| Spegazzini |
Puccinia arachidis is a stand fungal art from the order of the rust fungi (Pucciniales). The fungus is an endoparasite of the peanut . Symptoms of the infestation by the species are rust spots and pustules on the leaf surfaces of the host plants. The species is common in tropical and subtropical America.
features
Macroscopic features
Puccinia arachidis can only be recognized with the naked eye from the spore beds protruding on the surface of the host. They grow in nests that appear as yellowish to brown spots and pustules on the leaf surfaces.
Microscopic features
The mycelium of Puccinia arachidis grows as with all Puccinia TYPES intercellular and forms Saugfäden that grow into the storage tissue of the host. Their spermogonia and aecia are so far unknown. The uredia of the fungus grow predominantly on the underside of the surfaces of the host leaves and are cinnamon brown. Their uredospores, which are also cinnamon brown, are 23–29 × 18–22 µm in size, ovate to broadly ellipsoidal and spiky. The parts of the species growing underneath the leaves are cinnamon-brown, powdery and uncovered. The light golden brown teliospores are two-celled, usually ellipsoidal to long-ellipsoidal, wrinkled and usually 38–56 × 14–18 µm in size. Their stem is colorless and up to 65 µm long.
distribution
The known distribution area of Puccinia arachidis extends from the southern USA to South America . It is now common wherever the peanut is grown.
ecology
The host plant of Puccinia arachidis is the peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ), but also on other species of the genus such as. B. Arachis repens . The fungus feeds on the nutrients present in the storage tissue of the plants, its spore beds later break through the leaf surface and release spores. The species goes through a macrocyclical development cycle , of which only Uredien and Telien are known so far. It is therefore impossible to say whether she will change host .
meaning
Puccinia arachidis is a major pest in peanut cultivation. The fungus Fusarium chlamydosporum parasitizes the rust, which means that it can be used in biological pest control . It is usually fought with pesticides such as carbendazim and mancozeb .
literature
- George Baker Cummins : Rust Fungi on Legumes and Composites in North America . University of Arizona Press, Tucson 1978, ISBN 0-8165-0653-1 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Antonia Alice C. Rodrigues, Gilson S. Silva, Flávio HR Moraes, Cristiane LP Silva: Arachis repens: novo hospedeiro de Puccinia arachidis. In: Fitopatologia Brasileira. 31, 2006, pp. 411-411, doi: 10.1590 / S0100-41582006000400015 .
- ↑ N. Mathivanan, V. Kabilan, K. Murugesan: Purification, characterization, and antifungal activity of chitinase from Fusarium chlamydosporum. a mycoparasite to groundnut rust, Puccinia arachidis . In: Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 1998; 44, pp. 646-651. doi: 10.1139 / w98-043
- ↑ MP Ghewande: Management of foliar diseases of groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea ) using plant extracts. In: Indian J. Agric. Sci. 1989; 59, pp. 133-134.
