Purpur-Meier

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Purpur-Meier
Purple Meier (Asperula purpurea)

Purple Meier ( Asperula purpurea )

Systematics
Subfamily : Rubioideae
Tribe : Rubieae
Sub tribus : Rubiinae
Genre : Meier ( Asperula )
Section : Thliphthisa
Type : Purpur-Meier
Scientific name
Asperula purpurea
( L. ) Honest.
Asperula purpurea subsp. apiculata (as Galium apiculatum ), illustration from J. Sibthorp & JE Smith: Flora Graeca. Volume 2, plate 128

The purple Meier ( Asperula purpurea ) or also called purple bedstraw and purple woodruff , is a plant species of the red family (Rubiaceae) native to southern Europe .

description

The purple Meier grows as an herbaceous plant that is lignified at the base and reaches heights of 10 to 50 centimeters. The ascending to upright, strongly branched stems, which are slightly square in the lower areas, have short, more or less curved hair . The internodes of the stems are significantly longer than the leaves . In a whisk there are (two to) usually six to ten leaves together. The leaves, which are rough at the edges, are narrowly lanceolate to thread- shaped.

The (1) 2 to 4 (to 7) mm long flower stems are thin and often are bent back and under the arm keeled , ciliated at the edges, just intergrown the base bracts . The 0.8 to 1.6 millimeter long crown is slightly cup-shaped to more or less wheel-shaped and has fused to a 0.1 to 0.3 millimeter long tube at the base. The four corolla lobes are 0.7 to 1.3 millimeters long, egg-shaped or triangular and pointed. The stylus is usually shorter than the ovary and has a spherical stigma . The approximately 2 millimeter long fruits have a smooth surface.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.

Occurrence

Asperula purpurea inhabits sunny rock and rubble slopes on the south side of the Alps and in the mountains of the Apennine and Balkan Peninsula . In the German-speaking area it occurs more frequently only in South Tyrol , but in Austria it also reaches Carinthia and southern Switzerland, where it occurs mainly in Ticino .

Systematics

The purple-Meier was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum as Galium purpureum L. first published . It was not until 220 years later that Friedrich Ehrendorfer recognized that the species belonged to Asperula and published the currently accepted recombination Asperula purpurea (L.) Ehrend. Another synonym is Crucianella purpurea (L.) Honck.

Asperula purpurea is within the genus Asperula L. in the section Thliphthisa (Griseb.) Ehrend. posed. The genus is in the tribe Rubieae of the subfamily Rubioideae Verdc. from the family of the redness plants (Rubiaceae).

The species Asperula purpurea is divided into two subspecies, both of which have a chromosome number of 2n = 22:

  • Asperula purpurea (L.) Honoring. subsp. purpurea with heights of (15 to) 20 to 50 (to 60) centimeters and stems with curved hairs. The 10 to 20 × 0.4 to 1 millimeter large, in whorls of (6 to) 7 to 10 (to 11), narrow linear to thread-like leaves are gradually pointed, the edge is clearly rolled down. The crown is usually purple and sometimes yellowish, the corolla lobes clearly pointed and almost always bare. This subspecies occurs in the entire range of the species except on the southwestern Balkan Peninsula .
  • Asperula purpurea subsp. apiculata (Sm.) Honoring. with heights of (5 to) 8 to 30 (to 35) centimeters with more or less curled hair. The 4 to 10 × 0.5 to 1.5 millimeters in size, in whorls of (4 to) 6 to 8 (up to 9), narrow lanceolate to linear leaves are suddenly pointed. The crown is usually yellowish-green with an often more or less red tinge. This subspecies occurs on the southwestern Balkan Peninsula.

From the Apuan Alps ( Tuscany ), Asperula purpurea subsp. apuana (Fiori) Bechi & Garbari , which differs from the typical subspecies by its thick, soft stem and leaf hair.

Hazards and protective measures

In Switzerland, Asperula purpurea is listed in the national red list with the hazard category NT (Near threatened). In Austria the Purpur-Meier is classified as endangered.

swell

literature

  • Konrad Lauber, Gerhart Wagner, Andre Michel: Flora Helvetica . 2nd, revised and improved edition. Paul Haupt, Bern 1998, ISBN 3-258-05735-4 , 1937 Asperula purpurea , p. 1000 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Asperula purpurea (L.) Honorable. native German names. In: SysTax. Ulm University & Ruhr University Bochum, accessed on February 4, 2011 .
  2. ↑ a b purple woodruff (Asperula purpurea (L.) Ehrend.). Distribution in Switzerland. In: InfoFlora. The national data and information center for the Swiss flora. Info Flora, accessed on March 11, 2015 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Gustav Hegi: Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa , Volume VI, 1, Delivery 5-6, 1914, JF Lehmanns, Munich, pp. 216-217, (online) .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Friedrich Ehrendorfer, Franz Krendl: Asperula . In TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 4: Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1976, ISBN 0-521-08717-1 , pp. 13–14 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  5. ↑ Asperula purpurea at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  6. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 107, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D107%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
  7. ^ Walter Gutermann, Friedrich Ehrendorfer & Manfred A. Fischer: New names and critical remarks on the vascular flora of Central Europe . In: Austrian Botanical Journal. Vol. 122, No. 4, 1973, pp. 259-273, doi: 10.1007 / BF01441577 .
  8. ↑ Asperula purpurea (L.) Honorable. synonymous names. In: Catalog of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist [15]. Retrieved February 4, 2011 .
  9. ^ Valerie L. Soza, Richard G. Olmstead: Molecular systematics of tribe Rubieae (Rubiaceae): Evolution of major clades, development of leaf-like whorls, and biogeography . In: Taxon . tape 59 , no. 3 , 2010, p. 755-771 ( washington.edu [PDF]).
  10. ^ N. Bechi, Fabio Garbari: Intraspecific variation and taxonomic aspects of some plants from the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy). In: Flora Mediterranea. Volume 4, 1994, pp. 213-225, PDF file .
  11. ↑ D. Moser, A. Gygax, B. Bäumler, N. Wyler & R. Palese: Red list of endangered species in Switzerland: fern and flowering plants . Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Bern; Center of the data network of the Swiss flora, Chambésy; Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Chambésy, 2002, p. 44 ( page no longer available , search in web archives: online ).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.bafu.admin.ch
  12. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 714 .

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