Puyehue (volcano)
| Puyehue | ||
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 Puyehue from Lake Puyehue to the west . |
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| height | 2236 m | |
| location | Región de Los Ríos , Chile | |
| Mountains | To the | |
| Coordinates | 40 ° 35 ′ 25 ″ S , 72 ° 7 ′ 2 ″ W | |
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| Type | Stratovolcano | |
| Last eruption | June 4, 2011 | |
 Puyehue erupted on June 9, 2011 |
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The Puyehue is a 2236 m high volcano in the southern Chilean Andes and belongs to the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex . It is located in the Región de Los Ríos , 20 km east of Lake Puyehue in the middle of the 107 km² large Puyehue National Park .
Puyehue-Cordón Caulle
The volcanic complex Puyehue-Cordón Caulle consists of the individual volcanoes Puyehue ( stratovolcano with summit caldera 2.5 km in diameter), Cordón Caulle (ridge eruption columns) as well as the Carran-Los Venados group (cluster of about 70 craters, maars and small stratovolcanoes ), which all line up along the Liquiñe Ofqui fault zone (a large horizontal displacement) and accompanying side faults.
Most of the historical eruptions in this mountain range were collectively referred to as the Puyehue eruptions , although the past eruptions took place in the Cordón Caulle or in the area of the Carran-Los Venados group. Presumably, the center of the eruption shifted from the Puyehue volcano to the Cordón-Caulle group.
Eruption story
The most recent eruption of the volcano in the Cordón Caulle area began on June 4, 2011.
On June 4, 2011, 3,500 people were evacuated as the volcano was about to erupt. A column of ash up to ten kilometers high was observed. On June 5th, violent eruptions rocked the surrounding areas and a kilometer-long trench opened up in the earth's crust. Furthermore, large lava ejections were clearly visible and the ash cloud grew steadily. Ash wafted into the tourist town of Bariloche in Argentina , a hundred kilometers east of the volcano, and covered entire areas there with a layer of ash. Cattle breeders in the Argentine pampas feared food shortages because the ashes were up to 50 cm high in the fields. In the lakes and rivers in the area, the ash caused fish deaths. The volcanic eruption hindered air traffic in large parts of South America. Again and again, all flights to and from Buenos Aires and flights to Montevideo had to be canceled. In mid-June, the ash clouds of the Puyehue temporarily canceled hundreds of flights over Australia and New Zealand. According to the Chilean civil aviation, the ash cloud moved once around the earth in an easterly direction and returned from the west at Coyhaique , 1,600 kilometers south of the capital Santiago. In the Argentinian part of Patagonia , a state of emergency was declared in several provinces and the winter school holidays were brought forward. On June 21, the ash cloud reached Australia during a second orbit around the world and again caused the cancellation of numerous flights.
In July 2018, increased tremors were detected on the Cordón Caulle and the Osorno , and a yellow alarm was triggered for the area around both volcanoes .
| year | date | VEI | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | June 4th | 3 | Plinian eruption of the Cordón Caulle. |
| 1990 | 1 | A small pumice cone could have emerged. | |
| 1960 | May 24th | 3? | 48 hours after the Valdivia earthquake in 1960 there were eruptions on the southern flank (Cordón Caulle); Ash up to a height of 8 km |
| 1934 | 6th March | 2 | Eruption on the Cordón Caulle |
| 1929 | January 7th | 2 | Eruption on the Cordón Caulle |
| 1921 | 13th December | 3 | Plinian eruption of the Cordón Caulle with aerosols up to 62 km altitude; Evidence of ashes in Europe too; Duration of the eruption until February 1922 |
| 1919 | 2 | Puyehue eruption that lasted until 1920 | |
| 1914 | February 8 | 2 | Eruption of the Puyehue |
| 1905 | 2 | Puyehue could have broken out | |
| 1893 | 2 | Puyehue could have broken out | |
| 1759 | 2 | Puyehue could have broken out |
See also
literature
- Teresa Moreno, Wes Gibbons: The geology of Chile. Geological Society of America, 2007
- O. Oncken: The Andes: active subduction orogeny. Springer, 2006
- Suzanne Mahlburg Kay, Victor A. Ramos: Field trip guides to the backbone of the Americas in the Southern and Central Andes. Geological Society of America, 2008
Web links
- Puyehue-Cordón Caulle in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
- Weekly report in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
- Description in andeshandbook.org (Spanish) .
- The Atlantic , article on the 2011 eruption with photos
- NASA: Trace of the ash clouds during their circumnavigation
Individual evidence
- ↑ hydrogeological investigations of Geotrhermalfelder Puyehue and Cordón Caulle, Chile. (PDF; 14.7 MB) (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 23, 2016 ; accessed on June 4, 2011 (German). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Aumentan a 3500 los evacuados por actividad en volcánica Puyehue-Cordón Caulle. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011 ; Retrieved June 4, 2011 (Spanish).
- ↑ La columna de humo del volcán Puyehue alcanza los 10 kilometers de alto. Retrieved June 4, 2011 (Spanish).
- ↑ Ash cloud over the Puyehue massif. Retrieved June 5, 2011 .
- ↑ Chile: The volcano calms down - flight cancellations due to an ash cloud. Retrieved June 9, 2011 .
- ↑ Volcanic ash stops air traffic in South America Zeit Online, June 8, 2011
- ↑ Volcanic eruption in Chile: The gray cloud. Retrieved June 15, 2011 .
- ↑ Volcanic eruption in Chile: Ash cloud returns - and continues to cause chaos. Archived from the original on June 19, 2011 ; Retrieved June 18, 2011 .
- ↑ Cordón Caulle Volcano: Ash cloud moves from Australia to New Zealand. Retrieved June 22, 2011 .
- ↑ Volcanes Osorno y Cordón Caulle siguen con alerta amarilla. Ahora Noticias of July 22, 2018
- ↑ LE Lara, H. Moreno, JA Naranjo, S. Matthews, C. Pérez de Arce: Magmatic Evolution of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex (40 ° S), Southern Andean Volcanic Zone: From shield to unusual fissure volcanism . In: Elsevier (Ed.): Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research . 157, No. 4, 2006, pp. 343-366. doi : 10.1016 / j.jvolgeores.2006.04.010 .
- ^ Volcanic explosion in the south of Chile. Retrieved June 8, 2011 .
