Pycnanthus angolensis
| Pycnanthus angolensis | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Illustration as a Pycnanthus combo |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pycnanthus angolensis | ||||||||||||
| ( Welw. ) Warb. |
Pycnanthus angolensis is a tree in the nutmeg family from Central to West Africa to Sudan and Tanzania , Uganda .
description
Pycnanthus angolensis grows as an evergreen tree (woody climbing plant ) to over 35 meters high. The trunk diameter reaches up to 1.5 meters. Usually only root approaches are formed, but more rarely, higher and narrow buttress roots . The young, hanging twigs are densely reddish, velvety hairy. The gray-brown, relatively smooth bark is slightly cracked to scaly.
The simple, short-stalked and almost bare, thin-leather leaves are alternate. The short petiole is 1–2 inches long. The leaves are entire, ovate, lanceolate to obscure lanceolate or oblong and about 9–35 centimeters long and 6–14 centimeters wide. They are slightly heart-shaped at the base and pointy to pointy at the top. The leaves are dark green on top and pale green, glaucous on the underside . The stipules are missing. The young leaves are reddish-brown, velvety hairy and then bald. The veins are pinnate and slightly embossed on the top and raised on the underside. The many side arteries converge intramarginally.
Pycnanthus angolensis is one and mostly dioecious, so mono or diocesan . Axillary and reddish-rusty hairy, multi-flowered panicles with small, spherical and dense flower heads are formed. Among the heads sloping, small are bracts and including bracts trained. The very small, sessile and unisexual, fragrant flowers have a simple flower cover . The outside dense, rusty hairy, elongated club-shaped perianth is three to five parts, with reddish, triangular and thick tips on the inside. The male flowers have 2–4 stamens fused in a synandrium . The female flowers have a top permanent, single-chamber ovary with two-seated scars .
Roundish to ellipsoidal, 2.5–4.5 centimeters in size, first orange, then yellow-brownish fruits, with hard, firm and thick skin, appear in several groups. They open with two lobes and contain a large, 1.5–3 cm large, brown seed with red to pink and slashed, smooth aril . The flesh is fresh yellow, later brownish.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 38.
Taxonomy
The first description that Basionyms Myristica angolensis done in 1862 by Friedrich Welwitsch in Syn. Madeir. Drug. Med .: 51. The division into the new genus Pycnanthus to Pycnanthus angolensis took place in 1895 by Otto Warburg in Notbl. Royal Bot. Garden Berlin 1: 100. Other synonyms are Myristica kombo Baill. , Myristica niohue Baill. , Pycnanthus kombo (Baill.) Warb. , Pycnanthus mechowii Warb. and Pycnanthus niohue (Baill.) Warb.
There are two subspecies:
- Pycnanthus angolensis subsp. angolensis ; Central and West Africa
- Pycnanthus angolensis subsp. schweinfurthii (Warb.) Verdc. ; Eastern Central Africa, Uganda, Tanzania to Sudan, with more rounded and larger fruits, with thicker skin.
use
The seed fat (combobutter, -fat, Angolatalg) with a high melting point, the bark , roots and the leaf sap are used medicinally.
The seed fat can be used to make soap or lamp oil.
The relatively light, soft and not durable, but easy to treat wood is used for some applications. It is known as Ilomba .
literature
- K. Kubitzki , Jens G. Rohwer , Volker Bittrich: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. II: Flowering Plants Dicotyledons , Springer, 1993, ISBN 978-3-642-08141-5 (Reprint), pp. 457, 464.
- B. Verdcourt: Flora of Tropical East Africa, Myristicaceae. CRC Press, 1997, ISBN 90-6191-378-0 , p. 4 f.
- Quentin Meunier, Carl Moumbogou, Jean-Louis Doucet: Les arbres utiles du Gabon. Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux, 2015, ISBN 978-2-87016-134-0 , p. 240 f, limited preview in the Google book search.
- J. Gérard, D. Guibal, S. Paradis, J.-C. Cerre: Tropical Timber Atlas. Éditions Quæ, 2017, ISBN 978-2-7592-2798-3 , p. 411 ff, limited preview in the Google book search.
- M. Chudnoff: Tropical Timbers of the World. Agriculture Handbook 607, USDA 1984, p. 268, limited preview in Google book search.
Web links
- Pycnanthus angolensis at PROTA.
- Pycnanthus angolensis at Useful Tropical Plants.
- Pycnanthus angolensis . In: S. Dressler, M. Schmidt, G. Zizka (Eds.): African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg, Frankfurt / Main 2014.
- Pycnanthus angolensis at Vascular Plants of Korup National Park.
Individual evidence
- ^ K. Kubitzki: The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. P. 457.