Pyrgus centaureae

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Pyrgus centaureae
Pyrgus centaureae.jpg

Pyrgus centaureae

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Thick-headed butterfly (Hesperiidae)
Subfamily : Pyrginae
Genre : Pyrgus
Type : Pyrgus centaureae
Scientific name
Pyrgus centaureae
( Rambur , 1842)

Pyrgus centaureae is a butterfly from the family of the thick-headed butterflies (Hesperiidae). It is a distinctly boreal-montane species that z. B. occurs in Scandinavia from the 60th parallel to the North Cape. In North America, the subspecies Pyrgus centaureae loki livesin the Rocky Mountains up to an altitude of about 4000 meters.

features

The wingspan is 22 to 32 millimeters. The top is dark gray and hairy about lighter. There are numerous white spots on the fore and hind wings. The post-disk spot and a white spot on the front edge in cell seven are particularly pronounced on the hind wings . The underside of the hind wings is dark gray with bright white spots and veins. The discoid spot in cell five towards the base is elongated. Both sexes have the same wing drawings.

The caterpillar is light brown with a black head and a light nape of the neck. It is very hairy, but with short hair. The back line is poorly developed.

Geographical occurrence and habitat

Pyrgus centaureae is distributed in northern Scandinavia from the 60th parallel to the North Cape , in Arctic Russia , Altai , southern and eastern Siberia and in North America (only arctic regions ) south in the Appalachian Mountains and through the Rocky Mountains to southern Colorado . It can be found in northern Europe on heathland , moors and tundras from sea level to 1000 meters above sea level. However, the species is absent in coastal areas.

Way of life

The flight time ranges from June to July in one generation. The species has a two-year cycle on the Bering Peninsula. Here the moths fly in odd years. The caterpillar lives on the cloudberry ( Rubus chamaemorus ).

Systematics

The species was first described by Rambur in 1842 as Hesperia centaureae . The type locality is in the province of Dalarna ( Sweden ). Pyrgus centaureae is currently divided into several subspecies:

  • Pyrgus centaureae centaureae : the nominate subspecies in Scandinavia
  • Pyrgus centaureae wyandot (WH Edwards, 1863): Michigan , New York , Kentucky, and North Carolina (USA); flies from the beginning of May to the beginning of June, in the Appalachian Mountains from mid-April to mid-May. The caterpillar lives on Potentilla canadensis and Fragaria virginiana . This subspecies seems to hibernate as a pupa.
  • Pyrgus centaureae kurenzovi Korshunov, 1995 (= Pyrgus centaureae sibirica Kurentzov, 1970 non Reverdin, 1911): Eastern Russia, Mongolia. Doubtful subspecies (see de Jong (1975))
  • Pyrgus centaureae sibirica Reverdin, 1910: Altai. Status uncertain (see de Jong (1975))
  • Pyrgus centaureae freija (Warren, 1924): Alaska , Canada , the subspecies probably has a two-year development cycle , as the moths are much more common in odd years
  • Pyrgus centaureae loki Evans, 1953: Rocky Mountains as far as northern New Mexico, the subspecies occurs in Colorado e.g. B. from 2700 to 3900 meters. The caterpillars live on Potentilla diversifolia , Fragaria virginiana , Potentilla canadensis and Rubus chamaemorus

The status of the subspecies Pyrgus centaureae freija (Warren, 1924) and Pyrgus centaureae loki Evans, 1953 is questionable. According to the University of Alberta's Entomology Collection website, these two subspecies could also be separate species.

literature

  • Lionel G. Higgins, Norman D. Riley: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . 1st edition. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1978, ISBN 3-490-01918-0 .
  • Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Lionel G. Higgins, Norman D. Riley: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . 1st edition. Paul Parey, Hamburg / Berlin 1978, ISBN 3-490-01918-0 , pp. 284 .
  2. ^ Pyrgus centaureae. Dr. Kimmo Silvonen, accessed January 22, 2010 (Kimmo Silvonen website).
  3. ↑ Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington: The butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7 , p. 259 .
  4. ^ JD Lafontaine and DM Wood: Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera) of the Yukon. In: HV Danks and JA Downes (Eds.), Insects of the Yukon. Pp. 723-785, Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa 1997 ( www2.biology.ualberta.ca PDF).
  5. ^ John B. Heppner: Dates of Selected Lepidoptera Literature for the Western Hemisphere. In: Journal of the Lepidopterists Society. 36, No. 2, pp. 87–111, New Haven 1982 ( research.yale.edu  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove it this note. PDF).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / research.yale.edu  
  6. ↑ DL Cuthrell: Special animal abstract for northern grizzled skipper wyandot (grizzled skipper). Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Lansing, MI, 2007 ( web4.msue.msu.edu ( Memento of the original dated December 22, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link accordingly Instructions and then remove this note. PDF). @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / web4.msue.msu.edu
  7. ↑ Jeffrey Glassberg: Butterflies through Binoculars The East. Oxford University Press, New York 1999, ISBN 0-19-510668-7 .
  8. ^ Crispin S. Guppy, Jon H. Shepard: Butterflies of British Columbia. 414 pp., UBC Press, Vancouver 2001, ISBN 0-7748-0809-8 .
  9. ↑ a b Rienk de Jong: Notes on the genus Pyrgus (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). In: Zoologische Mededelingen. 49, No. 1, pp. 1-11, Leiden 1975 ( repository.naturalis.nl PDF).
  10. ↑ a b c Pyrgus centaureae. University of Alberta, accessed January 22, 2010, Entomology Collection University of Alberta.
  11. ↑ Thomas C. Emmel, Marc C. Minno, Boyce A. Drummond: Florissant Butterflies A Guide to the Fossil and Present-Day Species of Central Colorado. 118 pp., Stanford University Press, Stanford 1992, ISBN 0-8047-2018-5 .
  12. ^ Butterflies and Moths of North America: Grizzled Skipper. (No longer available online.) Big Sky Institute, Bozeman, MT, archived from the original on Nov. 9, 2009 ; Retrieved January 22, 2010 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.butterfliesandmoths.org

Web links

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