Mercury (II) nitrate

Structural formula
General
Surname	Mercury (II) nitrate
other names	Mercury pernitrate
Molecular formula	Hg (NO 3 ) 2 ; Hg (NO 3 ) 2 H 2 O (monohydrate);
Brief description	white solid
External identifiers / databases
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.126
PubChem	16683796
Wikidata	Q417086
properties
Molar mass	324.60 g mol −1 (anhydrous); 342.62 g mol −1 (monohydrate);
Physical state	firmly
density	4.3 g cm −3 (anhydrous); 4.3 g cm −3 (monohydrate);
Melting point	79 ° C (anhydrous)
boiling point	decomposition
solubility	Hydrolysis in water
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 300-310-330-373-410
	P: 280-273-309 + 310-304 + 340-302 + 352
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Mercury (II) nitrate is the salt of the divalent mercury of nitric acid and has the chemical formula Hg (NO ₃ ) ₂ . It belongs to the nitrate class of substances .

Manufacturing

Solutions of mercury (II) nitrate can be produced by reacting elemental mercury with hot, concentrated nitric acid. The solution must be kept acidic so that hydrolysis products do not precipitate . Evaporation produces crystals of the octahydrate Hg (NO ₃ ) ₂ · 8 H ₂ O.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {3 \ Hg + 8 \ HNO_ {3} \ longrightarrow 3 \ Hg (NO_ {3}) _ {2} +2 \ NO + 4 \ H_ {2} O}}

It can also be obtained by reacting mercury (I) nitrate with nitric acid.

{\ displaystyle \ mathrm {Hg_ {2} (NO_ {3}) _ {2} +4 \ HNO_ {3} \ longrightarrow 2 \ Hg (NO_ {3}) _ {2} +2 \ NO_ {2} + 2 \ H_ {2} O}}

properties

Mercury (II) nitrate forms white crystals with a melting point of 79 ° C. It is mostly available commercially as a monohydrate . There are also an octahydrate and a hemihydrate. It reacts with neutral chlorite solutions to form mercury (II) chlorite .

use

Mercury (II) nitrate was previously used in the manufacture of felt hats and to treat fur. It often found its way into the environment via the production waste water from washing processes. Due to its high toxicity and environmental pollution, it is no longer used for these purposes today. It was previously used as an insecticide against phylloxera .

Today it is used for oxymercuration, amidomercuration and similar reactions to produce other mercury compounds.

safety instructions

As a water-soluble mercury salt, mercury (II) nitrate is quickly absorbed when swallowed and is therefore classified as very toxic. Even if there is little contact, inhalation of the dust or skin contact, medical help is required immediately. In the body, it shows cumulative properties.

Mercury nitrate is very harmful to the biological balance in water. Therefore it must not get into the environment.

Like many inorganic nitrates, mercury nitrate is an oxidizing agent . It can therefore react violently or even explosively in contact with flammable, organic substances, for example hydrocarbons , alcohol , but also with reducing agents .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Data sheet Mercury (II) nitrate (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 18, 2011.
↑ ^a ^b ^c David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 89th edition. (Internet version: 2009), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, pp. 4-76.
↑ ^a ^b Entry on mercury (II) nitrate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on July 23, 2016(JavaScript required) .
↑ Not explicitly listed in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , but with the specified labeling falls under the group entry inorganic compounds of mercury with the exception of mercuric sulphide and those specified elsewhere in this Annex in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
^ Egon Wiberg: Inorganic Chemistry . Walter de Gruyter, 1952, ISBN 978-3-11-143954-9 , pp. 464 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ Hans Bode, Hans Ludwig: Chemical internship for physicians . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-01495-0 , pp. 70 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
^ LF Kozin, S. C Hansen: Mercury Handbook Chemistry, Applications and Environmental Impact . Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84973-409-7 , pp. 115 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
^ W. Fresenius: elements of the seventh group fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, manganese, technetium, rhenium . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-30593-5 , pp. 28 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
^ Maria Csuros, Csaba Csuros: Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals . CRC Press, 2002, ISBN 978-1-4200-3234-5 , pp. 55 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
^ Kristi Lew: Mercury . The Rosen Publishing Group, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4042-1780-5 , pp. 5 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ ^a ^b EPA: Report to Congress - Potential Export of Mercury Compounds from the United States for Conversion to Elemental Mercury , accessed July 25, 2015.
↑ Data sheet Mercury (II) nitrate monohydrate from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on April 22, 2011 ( PDF ).
↑ Richard J. Lewis, Sr .: Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference . John Wiley & Sons, 2008, ISBN 0-470-33445-2 , pp. 879 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[merck-1] Data sheet Mercury (II) nitrate (PDF) from Merck , accessed on January 18, 2011.

[CRC89-2] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 89th edition. (Internet version: 2009), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, pp. 4-76.

[GESTIS-3] Entry on mercury (II) nitrate in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on July 23, 2016(JavaScript required) .

[CLP_100.240.785-4] Not explicitly listed in Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , but with the specified labeling falls under the group entry inorganic compounds of mercury with the exception of mercuric sulphide and those specified elsewhere in this Annex in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[Egon_Wiberg-5] Egon Wiberg: Inorganic Chemistry . Walter de Gruyter, 1952, ISBN 978-3-11-143954-9 , pp. 464 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Hans_Bode,_Hans_Ludwig-6] Hans Bode, Hans Ludwig: Chemical internship for physicians . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-01495-0 , pp. 70 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[L._F._Kozin,_S._C_Hansen-7] LF Kozin, S. C Hansen: Mercury Handbook Chemistry, Applications and Environmental Impact . Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84973-409-7 , pp. 115 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[W._Fresenius-8] W. Fresenius: elements of the seventh group fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, manganese, technetium, rhenium . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-30593-5 , pp. 28 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Maria_Csuros,_Csaba_Csuros-9] Maria Csuros, Csaba Csuros: Environmental Sampling and Analysis for Metals . CRC Press, 2002, ISBN 978-1-4200-3234-5 , pp. 55 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[Kristi_Lew-10] Kristi Lew: Mercury . The Rosen Publishing Group, 2008, ISBN 978-1-4042-1780-5 , pp. 5 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[EPA-11] EPA: Report to Congress - Potential Export of Mercury Compounds from the United States for Conversion to Elemental Mercury , accessed July 25, 2015.

[Sigma-12] Data sheet Mercury (II) nitrate monohydrate from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on April 22, 2011 ( PDF ).

[Richard_J._Lewis,_Sr.-13] Richard J. Lewis, Sr .: Hazardous Chemicals Desk Reference . John Wiley & Sons, 2008, ISBN 0-470-33445-2 , pp. 879 ( limited preview in Google Book search).