Río Cisnes
| Río Cisnes | ||
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| Data | ||
| location | Región de Aisén ( Chile ) | |
| River system | Río Cisnes | |
| Source height | 860 m | |
| muzzle | Fjord Puyuhuapi coordinates: 44 ° 44 ′ 52 " S , 72 ° 42 ′ 20" W 44 ° 44 ′ 52 " S , 72 ° 42 ′ 20" W |
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| Mouth height | 0 m | |
| Height difference | 860 m | |
| Bottom slope | 5.4 ‰ | |
| length | 160 km | |
| Catchment area | 5464 km² | |
| Drain |
MQ 1960/1980 |
208 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Río Moro Estero El Ventisquero Río Picacho |
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| Right tributaries | Río Grande Río Cáceres |
|
| Small towns | Puerto Cisnes | |
| Communities | La Tapera Villa Amengual Cisnes Medio Alto Río Cisnes |
|
| Residents in the catchment area | 2448 (2001) | |
| Navigable | 12 km | |
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The Río Cisnes ( Spanish for "swan river") is a river in southern Chile .
geography
It rises east of the Andes in the steppe of Western Patagonia , on the continental divide that marks the border between Chile and Argentina. It flows in a westerly direction through the mountains to the confluence with the Puyuhuapi fjord near Puerto Cisnes . Its catchment area is a relatively narrow strip between 44 ° 25 'and 45 ° 00' south latitude, with an extension of 5464 km² of which 58% are forested.
Early settlement
In the shrub steppe on Cerro Chueco, on the upper reaches of the Río Cisnes, archaeologists found traces of human settlement that are 11,400 years old. A camp of the Tehuelche nomads was found south of it . Aboriginal stones and ceramics have been dated to 660 and 1210 AD. It is believed that this warehouse was used over and over again until the end of the 19th century, until it was captured by colonists between 1880 and 1920, who left remains of bottles, tins and ammunition there.
discovery
In the southern summer of 1766/67 the Jesuit father José García Alsué discovered the mouth of the Río Cisnes during a four-month missionary trip through the western Patagonian islands and recorded his observations on a map. In 1873 a hydrographic commission headed by Enrique Simpson Baeza (Rear Admiral of the Chilean Navy) succeeded for the first time in mapping the Puyuhuapi Fjord and on this occasion the river was named Río Cisnes ('Swan River ') because swans were sighted there.
The first systematic research was carried out on behalf of the Chilean government in the summer of 1897/98 by the German geographer Hans Steffen as part of an expedition whose aim was to find the continental divide in order to establish the border between Chile and Argentina. Also there were Carlos Sands, a draftsman for surveying work, and Robert Krautmacher († 1937), a teacher at the German School in Puerto Montt , as a naturalist. When they reached the mouth they saw flocks of swans on the 250 meter wide river.
Colonization
Archaeological research shows that colonists came to the region on the upper reaches of the Río Cisnes from around 1880. In 1906 the Estancia Río Cisnes was established there.
Around 1940, the settlement of Puerto Cisnes ('swan port') began by fishermen and woodcutters from Chiloé , farm workers from the haciendas on the Río Cisnes and immigrants from Argentina. The first settlement was right at the mouth of the Río Cisnes . It was later abandoned due to frequent flooding and moved further north to what is now Puerto Cisnes .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Gobierno de Chile, Ministerio de Obras Publicas, Dirección General de Aguas (ed.): Cuenca del Río Cisnes. Diagnostico y clasificación de los cursos y cuerpos de agua según objetivos de calidad . Santiago de Chile 2004 ( sinia.cl [PDF; 1000 kB ; accessed on May 8, 2009]). sinia.cl ( Memento of the original dated August 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ríos de Chile - Río Cisnes - Caudal . In: Ministerio de Educación de Chile and Fundación Chile (ed.): Educarchile - El Portal de la Educación . Santiago de Chile ( educarchile [accessed May 10, 2009]).
- ↑ Gobierno de Chile, Ministerio de Obras Públicas, Dirección General de Aguas (ed.): Informe técnico N ° 2. Reserva del Río Cisnes para la conservación ambiental y el desarrollo local de la cuenca . Santiago de Chile 2010 ( ciperchile.cl [PDF; 2.6 MB ; accessed on January 28, 2016]).
- ^ Omar Reyes, et al .: El Chueco 1: Un asentamiento multicomponente en la estepa occidental de Patagonia Central . In: Magallania (Chile) . tape 35 , no. 1 , 2007, ISSN 0718-2244 , p. 107–119 ( scielo.cl [PDF; 385 kB ; accessed on May 9, 2009]).
- ↑ a b Héctor Velázquez et al .: Campamentos residenciales tardíos a cielo abierto en el Alto Río Cisnes (Región de Aisén): Appeleg-1 (CIS 009) . In: Magallania (Chile) . tape 35 , no. 1 , 2007, ISSN 0718-2244 , p. 121-132 ( scielo.cl [accessed May 9, 2009]).
- ↑ José García Alsué: Diario de viaje i navegación hechos por el padre José García de la Compañía de Jesús desde su misión de Cailín, en Chiloé, hacia el sur, en los años 1766–1767 . In: Anuario Hidrográfico de la Marina de Chile . tape 14 . Instituto Hidrográfico de la Armada de Chile, Valparaíso 1889, p. 3–42 ( Memoria Chilena documents [accessed May 6, 2009]).
- ^ Hans Steffen : Memoria sobre la espedición esploradora de Río Cisnes (diciembre 1897 – julio 1898) . In: Viajes de esploracion i estudio en la Patagonia Occidental. 1892–1902 / por el Dr. Hans Steffen. Estudio en la Patagonia Occidental . tape 1 . Imprenta Cervantes, Santiago de Chile 1909, p. 182 f . ( Memoria Chilena documents [accessed May 4, 2009]).
- ↑ Armada de Chile (Ed.): Enrique Simpson Baeza . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: online biography ) ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Hans Steffen, ibid, p. 184.
- ↑ Hans Steffen, ibid. P. 198.
- ^ Secretaría Regional de Vivienda y Urbanismo Región de Aisén (ed.): Diagnostico Plan Regulador Intercomunal Cisnes - Lago Verde. Etapa IV "Proyecto". Memoria. 2009, p. 164 f . ( Sistema de Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental - Expedientes [PDF; 29.7 MB ; accessed on May 9, 2009]).
