Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque

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Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque in December 2013

The Rābiʿa al-ʿAdawiyya mosque ( Arabic مسجد رابعة العدوية, DMG masǧid rābiʿa al-ʿadawiyya ), also known as the Mosque of Rabaa El-Adaweya after the Egyptian-Arabic pronunciation , is located on the northern edge of the Cairo district of Nasr City . It was named after the saint Rābiʿa al-ʿAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya , a Sufi mystic of the 8th century. The place became the scene of the massacre named after him in 2013.

location

Location of the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque as the center of the anti-coup protests of 2013 in eastern Cairo

The Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque is located in Nasr-City ( Nasr in English "Victory"), a district to the east of Cairo, which, as a checkerboard-like satellite city with wide streets, has the largest concentration of military facilities and subsidized housing for members of the military in Cairo, including (as of 2007) the Ministry of Defense, the Army Headquarters, the military academy, the headquarters of the secret police, various officers' clubs, companies in the military-industrial complex and several hotels owned by the military. The grave of Anwar Sadat and the pyramid arch of the Monument to the Unknown Soldier, built on the occasion of the losses in the Yom Kippur War, are located on Nasr Street . In Nasr-City, along with the headquarters of the Egyptian secret service, there are also the notorious underground prisons, where the Muslim Brotherhood suspected many of their supporters to be in custody after the coup on July 3, 2013 .

The Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque itself stands in the middle of the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Square, which is named after it, and is surrounded by residential and government buildings, including a military base in the northeast quadrant of the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Square, the road traffic department building of the Ministry of Interior in the eastern part of Nasr Street and a building of the Ministry of Defense on the southwest corner of Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Square.

The square, and thus the mosque, is located at the intersection of Nasrstrasse, a main artery connecting the city center with Cairo's international airport, with Tayaranstrasse.

history

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The funeral service of President Anwar Sadat , who was killed by an attack by radical Islamist officers on a military parade on broad Nasr Street in 1981, took place in the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque .

In 2004, the funeral service for Ma'mun al-Hudaybi Banna , head of the Muslim Brotherhood , took place in the Rābi Ta -al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque in front of 25,000 mourners.

Rabaa protests.jpg
Pro Mursi protest on the square in front of the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya mosque, a few days before the 2013 military coup in Egypt (July 1, 2013)
Pro-Morsi supporters outside Rabaa al-Adawiya mosque Cairo 11-July-2013.jpg
A gathering of the Muslim Brotherhood demonstrates in front of the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya mosque with anti-coup slogans for the legitimacy of the government overthrown by the military under as-Sisi (July 11, 2013)


Since the end of June 2013, the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Square with the mosque has been the most important parade ground for the Muslim Brotherhood. In the run-up to the military coup on July 3, 2013, led by the later Egyptian President Abd al-Fattah as-Sisi against the first freely elected Egyptian government of the Muslim Brotherhood, Mohammed Morsi , a meeting of the Islamic Alliance , a coalition of Islamist political parties led by Freedom - and Justice Party (FJP) announced a sit-in at the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque, which was a traditional gathering place for Morsi supporters. “Open-ended demonstrations” with the official participation of the FJP began on June 28 under the title “Legitimacy is a Red Line”, while demonstrations against Morsi and his politics started in Tahrir Square . Islamist figures and supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood gathered in their thousands for Friday prayers on June 28 around the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque and proclaimed the sit-in in solidarity with the elected president and his democratic legitimacy.

After the military coup of July 3, 2013, the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque, only a few kilometers away from the presidential palace, became the center of the protests with the announcement of the open-ended sit-in. Within a week, an extensive tent city formed around the mosque, in which tens of thousands of coup opponents camped for several months and demanded the return of the president who had been overthrown by the military. On July 5, 2013, when the coup leaders' security forces killed five demonstrators in an "extrajudicial mass execution," according to Human Rights Watch, Muslim Brotherhood chairman Mohammed Badie , who was believed to have been imprisoned on the basis of an allegation by the military leadership, stepped on the grounds around the Rābiʿa-al -ʿAdawiyya Mosque with a call to the people gathered there to defend the democratic process with the demonstration at the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya-Mosque until Morsi is reinstated as president. In the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque, an event hall had been converted into a media center for the demonstrators.

From the prayer room of the courtyard of the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque, the demonstrators' Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya hospital, equipped for treating wounds and performing simple operations, was operated in early August 2013, according to a doctor, 20 in Doctors working shifts provided 40 beds after doctors had set up a makeshift field hospital with six beds on the grounds of the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya mosque for the treatment of simple illnesses such as flu and heat stroke in early July. During the July 8, 2013 mass killing on the grounds of the Republican Guard in Cairo , in which, according to Human Rights Watch, coup officials opened fire on a group of peacefully demonstrating Morsi supporters and killed at least 61 demonstrators in an “extrajudicial mass execution” then over 150 killed and wounded demonstrators were brought to the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Field Hospital at the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque for treatment.

Woman killed at Rabia el-Adawiya mosque in Cairo 27-July-2013.jpg
A Mursi supporter kisses the body of a woman who was killed on July 27, 2013 at the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya mosque during the operation of the security forces.
Anti-coup sit-in at Rabaa Adiweya mosque 2013.jpg
The protest tent city that was built around the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya mosque before the extrajudicial mass execution of the demonstrators by the Egyptian security forces of the coup regime on August 14, 2013


Rabaa field hospital (4) .jpg
Paramedics sew the wound of a Mursi supporter in the field hospital of the Rābiʿa sit-in (photo: Asmaa Shehata, August 14, 2013).
Rabaa field hospital (2) .jpg
Survivor in front of bodies from the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya field hospital.


  • On July 27, 2013 , security forces of the coup regime attacked a demonstration by Mursi supporters of the protest camp on Nasr Street near the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque, killing at least 95 people in an "extrajudicial mass execution" organized by Human Rights Watch designated action, which represented the "worst state-led massacre in the country since the fall of Husni Mubaraks" (Patrick Kingsley / The Guardian). This was the second massacre by the security forces of Morsi supporters within two weeks. On the same day, a local BBC reporter reported that the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque was the "epicenter of the crisis". In some cases, the mass killing of July 27 was already referred to as the “Rābiʿa massacre”, which, however, must be differentiated from the mass killing of demonstrators by the security forces , which took place two and a half weeks later and was also called the “ Rābiʿa massacre ” by international human rights organizations .
  • On August 14, 2013, the security forces of the coup regime put down the mass protests and the Rābiʿa sit-in in the so-called Rābiʿa massacre - "one of the most brutal mass executions of demonstrators in recent world history" ( Human Rights Watch ), which probably killed at least 1,000 people , whereby the mosque was partially destroyed and burned out. Security forces also opened fire on facilities that had been converted into makeshift medical supplies, including the Rābiʿa Hospital, the Field Hospital and the courtyard adjacent to the Rābiʿa Mosque. The main entrance of the Rābiʿa Hospital, called "Sniper Alley" by the demonstrators, was for most of the day under sniper fire from the security forces, partially on the roofs of the surrounding buildings, and posed a serious threat to those who wanted to seek medical care. During the mass killing by security forces, the mosque's reception hall served as a makeshift hospital and morgue for dozens of protesters who died, as well as hiding hundreds of women and children who sought shelter among the bodies. In the evening, security forces evacuated the mosque, Rābiʿa hospital and the field hospital, ordered the survivors to leave the bodies and injured people, and likely set fire to the mosque and the first floor of the field hospital and the main stage in front of the mosque, with eyewitness accounts said to have people supposed to have been burned in the fire of the field hospital. When night fell, both the mosque and the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Medical Center in the south of the mosque and the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya field hospital northeast of the mosque were in flames.

The military-backed regime had Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Square cordoned off on the morning of August 15 and kept closed for three months in order to renovate the square with extensive works. After the opening, memories of the mass killing of the renovated square and its surroundings were eliminated and instead an abstract Rābiʿa sculpture was erected as a memorial in the middle of the square, symbolizing the cooperation between the army and police to “protect” the Egyptian population. The memorial was criticized for being more of a historical revisionist than a work- up. The charred Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque had been repainted with a semi-matt white paint. Similar to the redesign of Tahrir Square , in which groups considered to be pro-democracy saw the symbolism being appropriated by the military-backed regime, the new statue in honor of the security forces at the site of the largest mass killing in Egypt's recent history was rejected by Morsi's supporters .

At least three people were killed in protests marking the first anniversary of the mass killing in Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya and Nahda Squares on August 14, 2014, when police destroyed attempts by supporters of Morsi on the first anniversary of the mass killing on August 14 in To remember Cairo.

Symbolic meaning

Demonstrators show the R4bia symbol as a sign of their solidarity with the destroyed protest sit-in known as Rābiʿa (Cairo, 23 August 2013)

The Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque has a high level of mystical and religious symbolism, as the religious narrative of the mosque's namesake, Rābiʿa al-ʿAdawiyya al-Qaysiyya, who died over twelve centuries ago and is venerated as a saint in Islam, is cultivated in Egypt and Islamist coup opponents opportunities to identify with the saint who, according to the story, lived as a slave during the day and prayed at night. After the mass killings of pro-Mursi protesters in July and August 2013 in Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Square in front of the Rābiʿa-al-ʿAdawiyya Mosque in Nasr City, the R4bia campaign also referred to the name of the saints in the square and the mosque and became a lasting symbol of the anti-coup movement of the Muslim Brotherhood.

Nasr-City is also a stronghold of middle-class families with sympathy for the Islamists and a place with high national and historical symbolism. Within Cairo, Nasr City is seen as the center of the Muslim Brotherhood, which continued to support President Mohammed Morsi, who was overthrown by the military, even after the military coup on July 3, 2013.

Since then, Rābiʿa has been a symbol (protest spelling based on an Arabic meaning of the word as the maiden name "Fourth" also: "R4bia") for the protest against the military dictatorship and is used as a reminder of the mass killing of demonstrators by Egyptian security forces in front of the Rabia-al- Adawija Mosque of August 14, 2013.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ In Egypt, the middle classes have changed the country with their consumption ( memento from December 19, 2013 on WebCite ) , the overview, 03/2007, page 90, by Mona Abaza, archived from the original .
  2. ↑ a b c d Crisis in Egypt: The Muslim Brothers are bunkering ( memento from December 19, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, July 27, 2013, by Raniah Salloum, archived from the original .
  3. ↑ Egypt - The military does what it wants ( Memento from December 7, 2013 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, December 7, 2013, by Paul Nehf, archived from the original .
  4. ↑ a b All According to Plan - The Rab'a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt ( Memento August 13, 2014 on WebCite ) (English; PDF: 3.42 MB), Human Rights Watch, August 12, 2014, Page 33, archived from the original .
  5. ^ A b George Richards: Why Rabaa Al-Adaweya ?: The Story Behind the Mosque . In: Muftah Newspaper , August 3, 2013. Accessed March 12, 2014.  (Eng.)
  6. ^ Pro, Anti-Morsi Groups Rally in Cairo ( Memento from December 12, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Voice Of America, July 12, 2013, archived from the original .
  7. ↑ a b Cairo at a glance: The most important scenes of the past few days ( memento from December 25, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, [undated], archived from the original ; Image embedded in: Excessive violence in Egypt: Day of Hate ( Memento from December 25, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, August 16, 2013, by Ulrike Putz, archived from the original .
  8. ↑ a b Egypt's President Morsi in power: A timeline (Part II) - Key events in the Egyptian president's first year in office: 2013 opens with nationwide protests, parliamentary elections are postponed again and Egypt struggles with Nile dam crisis ( Memento vom 4. March 2014 on WebCite ) (English). Ahram Online, June 28, 2013, by Osman El Sharnoubi, archived from the original .
  9. ↑ The Dispersion of the Rab'aa Sit-in and its Aftermath ( Memento from December 26, 2013 on WebCite ) (English; PDF), Nazra for Feminist Studies, September 10, 2013, archived from the original .
  10. ↑ All According to Plan - The Rab'a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt ( Memento August 13, 2014 on WebCite ) (English; PDF: 3.42 MB), Human Rights Watch, August 12, 2014, page 31 , archived from the original .
  11. ↑ Power struggle in Egypt: Government wants to ban pro-Morsi protests ( Memento from December 19, 2013 on WebCite ) , Spiegel Online, July 27, 2013, archived from the original .
  12. ↑ How did 37 prisoners come to die at Cairo prison Abu Zaabal? - Last August, outside Abu Zaabal, 37 prisoners trapped in the back of a van were allegedly gassed to death having been held for six hours in temperatures close to 40C. Patrick Kingsley talks to the survivors and, for the first time, Reveals Their side of the story ( Memento of 18 March 2014 Webcite ) (English). The Guardian, February 22, 2014, by Patrick Kingsley, archived from the original .
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g Egypt: Killings in Rabaa and other killings arguably crimes against humanity - No justice one year after series of fatal attacks on protesters ( memento August 13, 2014 on WebCite ) , Human Rights Watch, August 12 2014, archived from the original .
  14. ↑ a b c All According to Plan - The Rab'a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt ( Memento August 13, 2014 on WebCite ) (English; PDF: 3.42 MB), Human Rights Watch, August 12, 2014 , P. 13, archived from the original .
  15. ↑ a b c d Egypt: No Acknowledgment or Justice for Mass Protester Killings Set Up a Fact-Finding Committee as a First Step ( Memento from December 25, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies, December 10, 2013, archived from the original .
  16. ↑ a b c d Egypt: No Acknowledgment or Justice for Mass Protester Killings ( Memento from December 25, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Human Rights Watch, December 10, 2013, archived from the original .
  17. ↑ a b c d Rights groups demand Egypt probe killings of Mursi supporters ( Memento from December 26, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Reuters Edition US, December 10, 2013, by Tom Perry, archived from the original .
  18. ↑ Perseverance slogans from the head of the Muslim Brotherhood ( memento from December 9, 2013 on WebCite ) , euronews, July 5, 2013, archived from the original .
  19. ↑ Several dead in protests - bloody clashes in Egypt ( memento from October 16, 2013 on WebCite ) Der Tagesspiegel, July 5, 2013, by Martin Gehlen, archived from the original .
  20. ↑ a b Pro-Morsi Protesters at Rabia Al-Adawiya Not Giving Up ( Memento from June 17, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). al-monitor.com, August 1, 2013, by Maged Atef, archived from the original . Original article published as: "اقرا المقال الأصلي باللغة العربية".
  21. ↑ a b Killing in Cairo: the full story of the Republican Guards' club shootings ( Memento from September 19, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). The Guardian, July 18, 2013, by Patrick Kingsley (video editing: Leah Green), archived from the original .
  22. ↑ Egypt: killing of Mohamed Morsi supporters in Cairo - interactive guide ( Memento from December 4, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). The Guardian, July 18, 2013 by Patrick Kingsley (and Guardian Graphics), archived from the original .
  23. ↑ Clashes in Egypt ( Memento from December 9, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Voice Of America, July 27, 2013 by Elizabeth Arrott, archived from the original .
  24. ↑ The Latest Images from Egypt ( Memento from December 12, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Voice Of America, August 1, 2013, archived from the original .
  25. ↑ a b c d e What really happened on the day more than 900 people died in Egypt - The story of a massacre ( Memento from July 18, 2014 on WebCite ) (English). GlobalPost, February 26, 2014, by Louisa Loveluck, archived from the original .
  26. ↑ a b At least 120 Morsi supporters reported killed in Egypt clashes ( Memento from October 24, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). The Guardian, July 27, 2013, by Patrick Kingsley, archived from the original .
  27. ↑ Egypt: More than 100 killed in Cairo massacre ( Memento from September 19, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Asharq al-Awsat , July 27, 2013, archived from the original .
  28. ↑ Egypt: Rabaa al-Adawia mosque 'epicentre of crisis' ( Memento June 17, 2015 on WebCite ) , BBC News, July 27, 2013, archived from the original .
  29. ↑ The Morning After Egypt's Rabaa Massacre ( Memento from June 21, 2015 on WebCite ) (English). The Daily Beast, July 29, 2013 by Sophia Jones, archived from the original .
  30. ↑ a b c d All According to Plan - The Rab'a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt ( Memento August 13, 2014 on WebCite ) (English; PDF: 3.42 MB), Human Rights Watch, August 12 2014, archived from the original .
  31. ↑ Egypt massacre premeditated thing, says Human Rights Watch - Rabaa killing of 817 people was a planned Tiananmen Square-style attack on unarmed protesters Largely, report Argues ( Memento of 13 August 2014 Webcite ) (English). The Guardian, Aug 12, 2014, by Patrick Kingsley, archived from the original .
  32. ↑ a b Rabaa Al-Adawiyah Mosque Destroyed In Cairo Clashes (PHOTOS) ( Memento from October 24, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). The Huffington Post, August 15, 2013, archived from the original .
  33. ↑ a b c All According to Plan - The Rab'a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt ( Memento August 13, 2014 on WebCite ) (English; PDF: 3.42 MB), Human Rights Watch, August 12, 2014 , Page 34f., Archived from the original .
  34. ↑ a b c Egypt's Tiananmen - I went to Cairo to present Egypt's leaders with evidence that police slaughtered 1,000 people at Rabaa Square. They would not even let me out of the airport ( Memento of 14 August 2014 Webcite ) (English). Foreign Policy, August 12, 2014, by Kenneth Roth, archived from the original .
  35. ↑ a b c An eyewitness account of the Cairo massacre ( August 10, 2014 memento on WebCite ) , Vice , August 15, 2013, by Louisa Loveluck, archived from the original . English version: The Muslim Brotherhood Got Massacred in Cairo ( Memento August 10, 2014 on WebCite ) , Vice, August 14, 2013, by Louisa Loveluck, archived from the original .
  36. ↑ The latest from Egypt (LIVE BLOG) - Egypt's deadly unrest Continues, with reports did an ambush in the Sinai peninsula killed at least 24 policemen Monday ( Memento of 10 August 2014 Webcite ) (English). GlobalPost, August 14, 2014, archived from the original .
  37. ↑ a b c Witnessing Yesterday's Cairo Massacre Was Shocking and Awful ( Memento from August 10, 2014 on WebCite ) (English). Vice, August 15, 2013, by Louisa Loveluck, archived from the original .
  38. ↑ a b A year later, protest's bloody end divides Egypt ( Memento from August 14, 2014 on WebCite ) (English). AP News, Aug 10, 2014, by Hamza Hendawi, Maggie Michael, Sarah el Deeb, and Lee Keath, archived from the original .
  39. ^ Egypt - State-ordered massacre - A year ago, thousands of Muslim Brotherhood demonstrators were murdered and injured in Rabaa Adawiyya. The act of violence was apparently planned by the highest level of government ( memento from August 14, 2014 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, August 13, 2014, by Martin Gehlen, archived from the original .
  40. ↑ a b Cairo doctors struggle to treat Morsi supporters during bloody crackdown ( Memento from October 16, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). The Guardian, Aug. 14, 2013, by Patrick Kingsley, archived from the original .
  41. ↑ Interactive - Mapping the main pro-Morsi sit-in - Al Jazeera highlights key infrastructure at the now-besieged rally in Cairo's Nasr City neighborhood (English). Al Jazeera, August 14, 2013, by D. Parvaz.
  42. ↑ a b Egypt - No coming to terms with the massacre of the Muslim Brotherhood - A year ago, the Muslim Brotherhood protest camp in Cairo was forcibly cleared. Human Rights Watch speaks of a possible crime against humanity, the Egyptian government is silent on the subject dead ( memento from August 16, 2014 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, August 13, 2014, by Elisabeth Lehmann, archived from the original .
  43. ↑ a b c Protesters in Cairo Converge on Tahrir Square Monument ( Memento from December 10, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Voice Of America, November 18, 2013 by Elizabeth Arrott, archived from the original .
  44. ↑ a b c Memory of a Mass Killing Becomes Another Casualty of Egyptian Protests ( page 1 ( Memento from April 24, 2014 on WebCite ), page 2 ( Memento from July 19, 2014 on WebCite ); English). The New York Times, November 13, 2013, by Kareem Fahim and Mayy El Sheikh, archived from the original ( page 1 , page 2 ) on April 24, 2014 (page 1) and July 19, 2014 (page 2).
  45. ↑ Egyptian Authorities pave over Rabaa massacre - Three months after state forces killed dog reds of Egyptian protesters, the massacre has been whitewashed - Both literally and from official records ( Memento of 17 August 2014 Webcite ) (English). The Christian Science Monitor, November 14, 2013, by Kristen Chick, archived from the original .
  46. ↑ All According to Plan - The Rab'a Massacre and Mass Killings of Protesters in Egypt ( Memento August 13, 2014 on WebCite ) (English; PDF: 3.42 MB), Human Rights Watch, August 12, 2014, p. 143, footnote 537, archived from the original .
  47. ↑ Three dead in Egypt clashes on crackdown anniversary ( Memento from August 15, 2014 on WebCite ) (English). The Daily Star, August 14, 2014, by Jay Deshmukh, archived from the original .
  48. ↑ UPDATE 3: Four dead in clashes on anniversary of Rabaa dispersal - Four protesters and one police officer died on Thursday in events marking the first anniversary of last August's dispersal of the Rabaa Al-Adawiya sit-in ( Memento from August 15, 2014 on WebCite ) (English). Ahram Online, August 14, 2014, archived from the original .
  49. ↑ a b Images from Egypt ( Memento from December 11, 2013 on WebCite ) (English). Voice Of America, August 23, 2013, archived from the original .
  50. ↑ Who is Egypt's Rabaa al-Adawiya? ( Memento of 26 November 2013 Webcite ) (English). Al Arabiya News, Aug. 24, 2013, by Ramzy Baroud, archived from the original .
  51. ↑ a b Egypt - wave of arrests in Egypt shows effect ( memento from August 24, 2013 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, August 23, 2013, by Markus Symank, archived from the original .
  52. ^ Protests in Ankara: Thousands of Turks show solidarity with Mursi , German Turkish News, August 25, 2013, accessed on August 26, 2013.
  53. ↑ a b State of emergency - one dead during protests in Egypt ( memento from September 17, 2013 on WebCite ) , Zeit Online, September 13, 2013, archived from the original .
  54. ↑ Middle East - Egypt's interior minister avoids bomb attack ( memento from September 26, 2013 on WebCite ) , Deutsche Welle, September 5, 2013, archived from the original .

Coordinates: 30 ° 4 ′ 0.5 ″  N , 31 ° 19 ′ 32.9 ″  E