Rambergite

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Rambergite
Rambergite-463737.jpg
Rambergite crystal from the Garpenberg Norra mine, Garpenberg , Dalarna Province , Sweden
General and classification
other names

IMA 1995-028

chemical formula γ-MnS
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		Sulfides and sulfosalts
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		2.CB.45
08/02/07/04
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system hexagonal
Crystal class ; symbol dihexagonal-pyramidal; 6 mm
Space group P 6 3 mc (No. 186)Template: room group / 186
Lattice parameters a  = 3.97  Å ; c  = 6.43 Å
Formula units Z  = 2
Frequent crystal faces {10 1 0} and {0001}
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 4th
Density (g / cm 3 ) 5.43
Cleavage clearly after {001} and {110}
colour dark brown to black
Line color brown
transparency opaque
shine Resin gloss
Crystal optics
Optical character uniaxial alternating

Rambergite is a very rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of " sulfides and sulfosalts " with the chemical composition γ-MnS and thus chemically a manganese (II) sulfide .

Rambergite crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system and develops millimeter-sized, prismatic or pyramidal crystals from red-brown to dark brown or black in color. The surfaces of the opaque crystals have a resin-like sheen .

Etymology and history

Rambergite was first found in 1996 in a mine near Garpenberg in the Swedish municipality of Hedemora and described by Mariusz P. Kalinowski , who named after the Swedish professor of mineralogy and petrology Hans Ramberg (1917-1998).

classification

Since the rambergite was only recognized as an independent mineral in 1996, it is not yet listed in the 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , which has been outdated since 1977 . Only in the Lapis mineral directory according to Stefan Weiß, which, out of consideration for private collectors and institutional collections, is still based on this old form of Karl Hugo Strunz's system , was the mineral given the system and mineral number. II / C.13-50 . In the "lapis system" this corresponds to the class of "sulfides and sulfosalts" and there the section "sulfides with metal: S, Se, Te ≈ 1: 1", where rambergite, together with buseckite , cadmoselite , greenockite and wurtzite, is an independent one , but forms an unnamed group (as of 2018).

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been valid since 2001 and updated by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA) until 2009, classifies rambergite in the category of "Metal sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)". However, this is further subdivided according to the predominant metals in the compound, so that the mineral can be found in the sub-section "with zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), silver (Ag) etc." according to its composition , where together with cadmoselite, greenockite and wurtzite the "wurtzite group" with the system no. 2.CB.45 forms.

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns rambergite to the class of "sulphides and sulphosalts" and there into the category of "sulphide minerals". Here it is together with cadmoselite, greenockite and wurtzite in the " wurtzite group (hexagonal: P 6 3 mc )" with the system no. 08/02/07 within the subsection "Sulphides - including selenides and tellurides - with the composition A m B n X p , with (m + n): p = 1: 1". Template: room group / 186

Crystal structure

Rambergite crystallizes hexagonally in the space group P 6 3 mc (space group no.186) with the lattice parameters a  = 3.97  Å and c  = 6.43 Å and two formula units per unit cell . Template: room group / 186

Education and Locations

Rambergite forms in oxygen-free sediment layers that are enriched with organic material.

As a very rare mineral formation, rambergite is only known in a few samples from less than 10 localities. In addition to its type locality Garpenberg in Sweden, the mineral was still found in the Gotland Depth and the Landsort Depth in the Baltic Sea , in a mine near Ronneburg (Thuringia) in Germany, in the ophiolites near Luobusha ( Qusum district ) in the Tibetan Autonomous Region in China and in the mine "Hirogawara" at Chichibu (Honshū) in Japan (as of 2019).

See also

literature

  • Mariusz P. Kalinowski: Rambergite, a new polymorph of MnS with hexagonal structure . In: Geologiska Föreningens i Stockholm Förhandlingar . tape 118 , 1996, pp. A53-A54 , doi : 10.1080 / 11035899609546335 (English).
  • ME Böttcher, H. Huckriede: First occurrence and stable isotope composition of authigenic γ-MnS in the central Gotland Deep (Baltic Sea) . In: Marine Geology . tape 137 , 1997, pp. 201-205 (English).
  • Thomas Witzke : Ronneburg / Thuringia, the second occurrence of the manganese sulfide rambergite . In: New yearbook for mineralogy, monthly books . tape 1 , 1999, p. 35-39 (English).
  • John Leslie Jambor , Vladimir A. Kovalenker, Andrew C. Roberts: New mineral names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 83 , 1998, pp. 1117–1121 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 73 kB ; accessed on December 22, 2019]).

Web links

Commons : Hambergite  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Malcolm Back, William D. Birch, Michel Blondieau and others: The New IMA List of Minerals - A Work in Progress - Updated: November 2019. (PDF 1720 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, Marco Pasero, November 2019, accessed December 23, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  82 (English).
  3. ^ David Barthelmy: Rambergite Mineral Data. In: webmineral.com. Retrieved December 22, 2019 .
  4. ^ A b c d John Leslie Jambor , Vladimir A. Kovalenker, Andrew C. Roberts: New mineral names . In: American Mineralogist . tape  83 , 1998, pp. 1117–1121 (English, rruff.info [PDF; 73 kB ; accessed on December 22, 2019]).
  5. ↑ a b Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties. Status 03/2018 . 7th, completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-921656-83-9 .
  6. ↑ a b Rambergite. In: mindat.org. Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, accessed December 22, 2019 .
  7. ↑ Ernest H. Nickel, Monte C. Nichols: IMA / CNMNC List of Minerals 2009. (PDF 1816 kB) In: cnmnc.main.jp. IMA / CNMNC, January 2009, accessed December 23, 2019 .
  8. ↑ Find location list for Rambergite in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat , accessed on December 22, 2019.