Rasulids

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The Rasulids ( Arabic بنو رسول, DMG Banū Rasūl ) were a dynasty that ruled Yemen from 1228 to 1454.

History of the Rasulids

The progenitor of the dynasty was an ambassador of Turkish descent from the Abbasids (rasul). His son, Ali ibn Rasul, was appointed governor in Mecca by the Ayyubids (Yemen) .

After the departure of the Ayyubids, Mansur Umar (1228-1249) took power and founded the Rasulid dynasty (1228-1454). The capital cities were Taizz and Zabid. In addition to the Yemeni heartland, he also ruled the Hadramaut and the Hejaz as far as Mecca. To legitimize their rule of the dynasty, the Rasulids constructed a descent from the Lachmids .

Under his son Muzaffar Yusuf (1249–1295) the empire was further consolidated. However, in the period that followed, there were conflicts with the Mamluks in Egypt , who claimed control of the holy sites of Mecca and Medina in Hejaz. These were able to prevail militarily in 1322 and 1350 and force the Rasulids to submit.

In the 13th and 14th centuries, Yemen flourished under this dynasty. The country experienced a great economic boom due to its role as an intermediary in trade between India and the Mediterranean . The port taxes alone are said to have brought in 2.3 million dinars. In order to further promote this trade and the associated income, the Rasulids maintained close contacts with the Ayyubids and Mamluks in Egypt. Several embassies were also sent to India and the Chinese Empire . The Rasulid chronicler Ibn-Wahhās al-Khazradschī reports that in 1393 an envoy from the Muslim merchants of Malabar appeared at the court of the Rasulids and asked permission to read the Chutba in the mosques of Calicut in the name of the Rasulid sultan .

This wealth enabled the rulers to undertake extensive and extremely creative building activities. Mosques (including the Ashrafiya Mosque in Taiz), castles and palaces were built. Art and science were also promoted by the Rasulids, whereby a high standard was achieved especially in the fields of medicine and astronomy . Agricultural skills were also important.

In the 14th century, the Rasulids came under increasing pressure from the Zaidites . They succeeded in conquering Sanaa in 1324 . In the 15th century the Rasulids could only assert themselves in southern Yemen, where they were overthrown by the Tahirids in 1454.

Sultans

  • 1230-1249: (al-Mansur) Umar
  • 1249-1295: (al-Muzaffar) Yusuf bin Umar
  • 1295-1296: (al-Ashraf) Umar bin Yusuf
  • 1296-1322: (al-Muayyad) Daud bin Yusuf
  • 1322-1363: (al-Mujahid) Ali bin Daud
  • 1363-1377: (al-Afdal) al-Abbas bin Ali
  • 1377-1401: (al-Ashraf) Ismail bin al-Abbas
  • 1401-1424: (al-Nasir) Ahmad bin Ismail
  • 1424-1427: (al-Mansur) Abdallah bin Ahmad
  • 1427-1428: (al-Ashraf) Ismail bin Ahmad
  • 1428-1438: (a-Zahir) Yahya bin Ismail
  • 1438-1441: (al-Ashraf) Ismail bin Yahya

See also

literature

swell
  • Ibn-Wahhās al-Ḫazraǧī, Shams-ad-Dīn Abu-ʾl-Ḥasan ʿAlī Ibn-al-Ḥusain an-Nassāba: The pearl-strings: a history of the Resúliyy dynasty of Yemen . Ed. and over. by ames William Redhouse u. a. 5 vols. Leiden 1906–1918.
Studies
  • G. Rex Smith Political history of Islamic Yemen up to the first Turkish invasion of Werner Daum Yemen , Umschau-Verlag, Frankfurt / Main, ISBN 3-7016-2251-5
  • Barbara Finster The Artchitektur of the Rasulids in Werner Daum Yemen , Umschau-Verlag, Frankfurt / Main, ISBN 3-7016-2251-5
  • David A. King Astronomy in Medieval Yemen in Werner Daum Yemen , Umschau-Verlag, Frankfurt / Main, ISBN 3-7016-2251-5
  • Daniel Martin Varisco Pharmaceuticals and medicinal plants in medieval Yemen in Werner Daum Yemen , Umschau-Verlag, Frankfurt / Main, ISBN 3-7016-2251-5
  • Daniel Martin Varicso Rasulid agriculture and traditional almanacs in Werner Daum Yemen , Umschau-Verlag, Frankfurt / Main, ISBN 3-7016-2251-5

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See Sebastian Prange: "Like Banners on the Sea. Muslim Trade Networks and Islamization in Malabar and Maritime Southeast Asia" in R. Michael Feener, Terenjit Sevea: Islamic Connections. Muslim Societies in South and Southeast Asia. Singapore 2009. pp. 25-47. Here p. 30.
  2. ↑ Barbara Finster The Architecture of the Rasulids pp. 237–255 (250)
  3. ^ Daniel Martin Varisco Pharmacy and Medicinal Plants in Medieval Yemen pp. 306–307 (306)
  4. ↑ David A. King Astronomy in Medieval Yemen pp. 276–302 (297–300)
  5. ↑ Daniel Martin Varicso Rasulid agriculture and traditional almanacs S. 303-305