Raymund Fugger
Raymund Fugger von der Lilie (also Raimund Fugger ) (born October 24, 1489 in Augsburg , † December 3, 1535 in Mickhausen ) was a member of the Fugger family , imperial count and art collector.
resume
Raymund Fugger was born on October 24, 1489, the second son of Georg Fugger . After his father died in 1506, Jakob Fugger probably took care of Raymund's education. From the autumn of 1509 to 1510 Raymund represented his uncle in financial matters at the court camp of Emperor Maximilian .
Between February and May 1511, Raymund Fugger apparently acted as a representative at a conference of ambassadors in Mantua and then stayed with Pope Julius II. On December 30, 1512, Jakob Fugger drew up a will according to which, after his death, first Ulrich Fugger the Younger and then Raymund Fugger should direct the trade. Jakob Fugger also named Ulrich and Raymund as a preferred place in a special contract concluded at the same time for the Hungarian mines and the lying goods. Raymund and his brother Anton together received a third of the trading company's lying goods.
The next stop in Raymund Fugger's life was Krakow , an important trading center for the Fuggers and Thurzo . On January 16, 1513 Raymund Fugger married Katherina Thurzo . Jakob Fugger initially assigned Raymund Fugger the task of controlling the joint company Fugger-Thurzo on site in Krakow . Raymund Fugger agreed, but bought the Biberbach estate together with his cousin Ulrich and, as the tax books show, settled in Augsburg in 1515 at the latest. His wife apparently stayed in Cracow because his second son was born in Cracow in 1516 and died there that same year.
During the following years Raymund Fugger made several trips in the service of the trading company. A difficult task was subject to him when he had to represent the Fugger trading company in the monopoly dispute in Nuremberg in 1522/23 . The situation affecting the existence of the company could, however, be mastered.
On December 22, 1525, Jakob Fugger changed his will. Since his nephew Hieronymus Fugger had withdrawn from trading, Raymund Fugger and his brother Anton Fugger were to become heads of the company after Jakob Fugger's death and were given preferential treatment for profit accounting. Jakob Fugger died eight days later.
Due to the financial connections of the Fugger to the House of Habsburg , Raymund received on April 25, 1526 from Charles V the appointment to the Imperial Council and the exemption from the court of Rottweil , from the Westphalian and other courts. On June 30, Charles V also certified the possession of Kirchberg , Weißenhorn , Wullenstetten and Biberbach (Swabia) for Raymund and his co-heirs .
When Charles V entered the Reichstag in Augsburg on June 15, 1530, Raymund was present. On November 14th, Charles V granted the Fuggers the right to change or increase their previous coat of arms according to their status. On March 1, 1534, Charles V granted the Fuggers the right to mint . On June 20, 1535, King Ferdinand I of Vienna issued a privilege, according to which the Fuggers could call themselves Counts of Kirchberg, Weißenhorn and Marstetten . On June 24, 1535 Raymund was raised to the Hungarian nobility.
On December 3, 1535 Raymund Fugger died of a stroke in the presence of his doctors .
personality
According to the Fugger Chronicle , Raymund Fugger was “a beautiful, long and funny person, strong in body and soul”. In his case, however, a temper tending towards quick anger and coarseness is evident.
Body and being were shaped by illness and mutually determined. He already appears unhealthy in portraits from his youth (including von Holbein). Due to the illnesses he lost his youthfulness early on. This susceptibility to disease also only allowed him to reach the age of 46. This physical constitution also restricted him on his trade trips. The inhibition of practical ability and energy made him lose interest in trading more and more. These rather negative sides of Raymund Fugger were outweighed by positive ones. He participated in the design of Augsburg as well as in that of its properties. Aware of social responsibility, he wanted to create income for needy workers and craftsmen with the construction of the Mickhausen castle.
Raymund Fugger was fond of the arts and artists with a hearty inclination. He was not just a collector, but an outspoken art connoisseur . The fact that there are many artistically demanding portrait medals by Raymund Fugger testifies to a special inclination towards this own object of art enjoyment, of the pleasure of collecting and donating of the educated Renaissance people. His Augsburg property appeared to Beatus Rhenanus on a par with the garden of King Franz I.
His relationship to art and artists was linked to the general interests of Raymund Fugger. While Jacob the Rich was rather reluctant to humanism and to scientific endeavors and inclinations, Raymund shows a broad openness and open sympathy. Raymund Fugger's humanistic comrades and friends included Beatus Rhenanus , Erasmus von Rotterdam and Philipp Melanchthon . His interest in history (especially that of his own family) and his relationships with writers were reflected in a large library. In the foreground of his interest, however, was the Roman and Greek antiquity. Raymund Fugger promoted scientific studies of all kinds and participated in historical research.
Raymund was able to make use of the broad connections of Fugger's business to collecting and his scientific interests. Among the works he has collected, there may have been some that brought a touch of real antiquity to the north for the first time. Suggestions have probably also passed on to contemporary art of the Renaissance.
Art possession
At Raymund Fugger, we find the phenomenon of the actual art collector and historical connoisseur for the first time. Raymund Fugger's art possessions and collections have long been scattered and largely lost.
For the overall view, however, the description of Beatus Rhenanus helps us , who was allowed to visit Raymund Fugger's seat in Kleesattlergasse in 1530 . (It should be noted that the exact content of the art collection can no longer be traced today. All references to the content result from the texts of Beatus Rhenanus and from some inventory lists of inheritances, which are extremely imprecise and incomplete, probably due to a lack of knowledge .)
Of the paintings in Raymund Fugger's house, Beatus Rhenanus particularly emphasized the Italian images. One can think of works by Venetian painters in particular. However, only a single painting is known, the portrait of Raymund Fugger himself created by Vincenzo Catena. Beatus Renanus found the paintings by Lucas Cranach to be particularly numerous . The connection with the Saxon court painter von Wittenberg is a striking phenomenon in Augsburg's art history. Perhaps the relationship was established in Raymund Fugger's time in Kraków. It cannot be ruled out that Cranach was already in Augsburg on the occasion of the Diet in 1530. The collection also included various books. Among other things, an illuminated prayer book whose prayers were formulated not for a cleric, but for a layman, with the high standards of humanistic education.
Raymund Fugger's main interest was the antique collection. Raymund spared no expense in expanding his collection. The monuments kept on his property in Kleesattlergasse were brought together from all over the world. Mainly from Greece and Sicily (southern Italy). The works of art acquired from Greece are likely to have come to Augsburg via Venice with the Fugger trading company.
Beatus Rhenanus described, among other things, "A clad, dancing figure, holding a vessel in the shape of an animal in the raised right hand, a small bowl with a lion's head in the left;" and "a naked warrior with a helmet, holding two snakes in his hands". The collection should by no means be imagined as a museum today. Most of the works of art were in a certain order by no means displayed in a museum. The works of art were distributed throughout the house and possibly also through the garden.
In addition to sculptures, Raymund Fugger also collected antique portrait coins . He also had coins made by himself.
With what he has achieved for the arts, artists, sciences and scholars, he is one of the most significant figures of the Renaissance.
literature
- Norbert Lieb: The Fugger and Art , Volume 2, Munich 1958
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Fugger, Raymund |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Imperial count and art collector |
| DATE OF BIRTH | October 24, 1489 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | augsburg |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 3, 1535 |
| Place of death | Mickhausen |