Rembetiko
The Rembetiko (also Rebetiko, Greek ρεμπέτικο , plural Rembetika ) is a Greek style of music that emerged from the connection of the folk music of Greece and the Ottoman musical tradition in the subcultures that formed in the cities of Athens , Piraeus and Thessaloniki at the beginning of the 20th century .
description
The rebetiko is often referred to as the "Greek blues " because the lyrics, similar to the blues, deal with the everyday worries and experiences of ordinary people.
In the early days of its creation, rebetica was only played by the rebetes living in Piraeus , mostly refugees who were expelled from Smyrna and other places in Asia Minor to mainland Greece in 1922, the year of the so-called Asia Minor catastrophe . Later one of the most popular forms of music in Greece developed from it. The Rembetiko experienced its heyday in the 1930s to 1950s.
The main instruments are bouzouki , guitar , baglamas , violin and accordion . Markos Vamvakaris , Vassilis Tsitsanis and Manolis Chiotis are among the most famous composers of rebetiko .
The oriental improvised singing style Amanes (plural: Amanedhes) belonged to the rembetiko. The main rhythms and dances of Rembetiko are Chasapiko , Chasaposervikos , Zeibekikos , Karsilamas , Aptalikos , Tsifteteli , Anatpolitikos or Bayo and Sirtos . The tonal basis is formed by the dromoi , the modal scales of Greek popular music.
In December 2017, the Rembetiko was included in the " Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity ".
Well-known performers and composers
- Giorgos Batis
- Sotiria Bellou
- Roza Eskenazy
- Stella Haskil
- Michalis Jenitsaris
- Glykeria Kotsoula
- Marika Ninou
- Poly Panou
- Vassilis Tsitsanis
- Markos Vamvakaris
Discography
- Five Greeks In Hell - Rembetika-Lieder , 2 LP, Trikont - Our Voice US-0071-72, Munich 1982
- Rembetika - Songs of the Greek Underground 1925–1947 , 2 CD, Trikont Indigo Q293, 2001
Remarks
- ↑ As a neutrally declined adjective to τραγούδι , tragoúdi , "song"; also in Greek neuter . For grammatical use in German, see the article title by Mikis Theodorakis given below under literature .
- ↑ In modern Greek, μ + π is usually pronounced as a sound b , also with this word. This is why the transcription Rebetiko is found - especially in the English-speaking world .
literature
- Gail Holst: road to rembetika . Denise Harvey, 1975, ISBN 960-7120-07-8 , German edition: Rembetika - music of a Greek subculture . gerhardt Verlag, Berlin 1979, ISBN 978-3920372303 .
- Thede Kahl: Origin and change of an urban musical culture in Greece - The Rembetika . In: Horst-Dieter Blume , Cay Lienau: Approaching Greece . Choregia 1, Münster, pp. 111-123.
- Panagiotis Kounades: Εις ανάμνησιν στιγμών ελκυστικών . Athens, Katarti, 2000.
- Elias Petropoulos: Rebetiko. The music of the urban subculture of Greece . Translated from the French by Maximilien Vogel. Palmyra, Heidelberg 2002, ISBN 3-930378-46-9 .
- Mikis Theodorakis : About Rebetiko . In: Mikis Theodorakis, My position in the music scene . Edited and translated by Asteris Kutulas and Peter Zacher , Leipzig: Reclam-Verlag, 1986, ISBN 3-379-00034-5 .
- Ioannis Zelepos : Rebetiko. The career of a subculture. Romiosini Verlag Cologne 2001.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Intangible Cultural Heritage - Rebetiko UNESCO, accessed January 17, 2018.