Reichsbutler
The Reichsbutiger (von Butigler, " cupbearer ") was an imperial administrative officer in the High Middle Ages.
Establishment of the office
The medieval empire owned numerous widely scattered imperial estates that did not belong to the domain of secular or ecclesiastical territorial lords, but were directly subject to royal power. The imperial estates in Franconia and Swabia , the tribal duchies of the Salian and Hohenstaufen dynasties, were particularly numerous . In order to streamline the administration of this property and to unify it, Emperor Heinrich VI. a reorganization of the administrative organization of the Reichsgut made. Henry VI. initially shared the tasks: the military areas were assigned to the burgrave of Nuremberg , who thus became lord of the Nuremberg Reichsburg and the Burgmannen and who was responsible for the defense of the city. The emperor created a new administrative authority to carry out civilian tasks, at the head of which he appointed an imperial ministerial, the so-called imperial groler ; in the documents written in Latin he is referred to as buticularius imperii .
Duties of the Reich Groomer
As the highest imperial civil servant, the Reichsbutiger presided over the numerous officials who came from the Reichsministerialität . He also came from the Reichsministerialität and was named accordingly in a document as a major inter officiales . In addition to his main task, namely to administer the imperial property, he had to collect the taxes due to the emperor. He was allowed to have coins minted in the name of the emperor , even with his own picture, and had to demand the services of the imperial servants due to the empire. Another important task of the imperial groomer was a judicial function, because he was also the supreme organ of the royal court jurisdiction and guardian of the servants and other persons in need of protection. As such, he was chairman of the imperial district court. In addition, he exercised over the monasteries of the Sprengel for the king / emperor the protective bailiwick, z. B. on the Cistercian monastery Heilsbronn and the Premonstratensian monastery Speinshart .
Decline of imperial power in the interregnum, loss of office
With the decline of Hohenstaufen power after the death of Emperor Friedrich II and the beginning of the interregnum, powerful territorial lords gradually seized the imperial property. With this, the office of Reichsbutiger soon disappears. While a document from 1240 mentions the imperial groomer as the bearer and representative of imperial rule, the realm of power of the empire and thus that of the imperial groomer is melting more and more. From 1246 to 1258 the office was vacant; then it was briefly occupied again with Heinrich von Stein and his relative Hermann von Stein and then disappeared from the annals of history.
Reichsbutler in chronological order
Reimar von Mögelsdorf, who was succeeded by his son Bruno in office, was the first imperial groomer, without the possibility of defining a period of office. Then the Marshal Heinrich von Rasch, Konrad von Kornburg, whose son of the same name became Reichsbutigler. Then followed Marquard and his son Jordan, as well as Lupold and finally after the vacancy from 1246 to 1258 Heinrich von Stein and his relatives Hermann.
literature
- Karl Bosl : The Staufer Nuremberg, Palatinate and royal city . In: Gerhard Pfeiffer (ed.): Nuremberg, history of a European city . CH Beck, Munich 1971, ISBN 3-406-08764-7 .
- Karl Bosl: The rise of Nuremberg to the rich central place in Northern Bavaria . In: Journal for Bavarian State History . tape 36 , 1973, ISSN 0044-2364 , pp. 1023-1032 , 1030 ( digitale-sammlungen.de ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Butigler . In: Prussian Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 2 , issue 5 (edited by Eberhard von Künßberg ). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1963, DNB 453942601 , Sp. 662 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de - first edition: 1933, unchanged reprint).
- ↑ a b c d e Karl Bosl: The Staufer Nuremberg, Palatinate and royal city . In: Gerhard Pfeiffer (ed.): Nuremberg, history of a European city . CH Beck, Munich 1971, ISBN 3-406-08764-7 , p. 20 ff .