Professional hunter

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Paul Childerley, an English professional hunter who is active as a professional stalker and gamekeeper

The professional hunter is a hunter who hunts professionally.

The term is used in general German usage, in hunting legislation and in specialist literature as a generic term for various forms of appearance of professional hunters, e.g. In Germany and Austria, for example, professional hunters trained in dual in-company and vocational schools, as well as active hunting foresters , licensed professional hunters in South Africa, professional stalkers and gamekeepers in Great Britain, cantonal game rangers in Switzerland, trappers from North America who work on their own account and the bird controllers employed to prevent bird strikes at airports .

Germany

Forest director Ulrich Maushake, head of the Federal Forestry Office Grafenwöhr, briefing the mostly US-American shooters before a driven hunt at the Grafenwöhr military training area

Under the name Revierjäger there is a state-recognized training occupation as a professional hunter according to the Vocational Training Act . In total there are around a thousand trained district hunters. In addition, among the several thousand German foresters, there is an unspecified number of foresters in the field who work functionally as professional hunters.

In Germany, professional hunters find employment primarily in hunting and forestry operations, in protected areas (often referred to as gamekeepers ) and in training and further training in hunting. They organize the hunting operation, observe the existing game stocks, take care of necessary shots, take specific measures to protect game and hunt , promote rare or desired and reduce harmful or undesirable game, carry out individual and group hunts, accompany hunting guests and utilize any game .

Vocational training as a district hunter

Duration of training and structure

The training period to become a Revierjäger (RJ) is usually three years. Training takes place at the company and vocational school . It is a mono job .

Content

According to the training regulations, the contents of the occupational profile updated in 2010 by the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BiBB) with regard to animal welfare include :

  1. Hunting and hunting ground management, operational processes and organization, economic relationships
  2. Game management, game utilization
  3. Animal and species protection , conservation
  4. Design of hunting grounds
  5. Nature conservation , ecological interrelationships and sustainability, monitoring
  6. Armory, hunting weapons and implements
  7. Keeping and leading hunting aid animals
  8. Legal bases of hunting, game and hunting protection
  9. Public relations , wildlife and nature education

Training opportunities

After completing vocational training and two years of professional experience, Revierjäger can further qualify as a Revierjagdmeister (RJM) after completing a course and passing the master's examination and as such train professional hunter apprentices themselves. Those who can provide evidence of at least three years of professional experience in another recognized agricultural training occupation or at least five years of professional experience are also admitted to the master craftsman's examination. Professional experience must be proven in the field of professional hunting (Section 2, Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the Revierjagd Master Examination Ordinance). If you are interested in studying and meet the relevant requirements, you can study biology.

Honorary title

The Federal Association of German Professional Hunters and the Association of Bavarian Professional Hunters award particularly well-deserved hunting masters the honorary title of a hunting officer (ROJ) and later game master (WM).

New Zealand

Beginning in the 1930s, the rapidly spreading red deer in New Zealand were decimated by professional hunters. In the mid-1960s, private professional hunters began shooting from helicopters, which made it possible for a single shooter to kill and transport several hundred deer a day. After the red deer population had been successfully reduced, the state shooting programs were scaled back in the 1970s and largely discontinued at the end of the 1980s. In large parts of New Zealand, private recreational and professional hunters take over the regulation of the red deer.

Austria

Austrian professional hunter on the ascent in the Vorarlberg Alps

In the Austrian federal states, which are solely responsible for hunting law, there are state-recognized training regulations for the professional hunter apprenticeship. The approximately 500 Austrian professional hunters make up only 0.4% of the hunters in the country, but look after 13% of all hunting areas in Austria. They find employment with hunting tenants, landowners, hunting cooperatives and national parks.

Sweden

The professional hunters, known as yrkesjägare in Sweden, are mostly employed by large private or state landowners. Many complete the vocational training to become viltmästare , which includes practical and theoretical training lasting over four years. Professional hunters look after an area of ​​around 3 million hectares, which corresponds to about seven percent of the total area of ​​Sweden.

Switzerland

Since the subjective hunting rights under Swiss hunting law as so-called hunting shelves are in the hands of the cantons and property, unlike in Germany and Austria, does not grant any hunting rights, professional hunters in Switzerland are only represented in the form of the cantonal game guard , where they perform sovereign tasks and the Organize hunting operations. In the canton of Geneva, the game guard is responsible for all kills due to the prohibition of militia hunts .

United Kingdom

Scottish professional hunter next to a stalked red deer

In the British Isles, professional hunters employed by large landowners are known as professional stalkers or gamekeepers . In Scotland in particular , they work on the large estates of the British aristocracy, where they are responsible for hunting red deer, red grouse, red partridge and pheasant. While there were over 20,000 gamekeepers in the UK at their pre-World War I wedding , the number of full-time gamekeepers today is around 3,000, according to the National Gamekeepers Organization.

Snowden Slights, a professional wild bird hunter from Yorkshire, ca.1910 - a punt gun can be seen on the boat on the right

Historically, there were also professional hunters who made their living by selling their own prey - not as employees (e.g. the wild bird hunter Snowden Slights , who was considered one of the last of its kind and became known through an illustrated book about his work).

United States

US Wildlife Services professional hunter setting up a fox trap in eider breeding grounds , Alaska

With the Wildlife Services, the USA maintains a federal agency subordinate to the Department of Agriculture, which deals with the prevention of game damage and employs professional hunters known as professional hunters or government trapper .

Worldwide

Professional hunter (left) with hunting guest (right) on a hunting safari in the Namibian Kalahari

In southern and eastern Africa, especially in Namibia, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Tanzania, the focus of the local professional hunters (PH) is on guiding wealthy, often foreign hunting guests on hunting safaris and protecting them from poachers.

There is a professional hunter industry in Australia that specializes in hunting kangaroos and kills several million of them annually.

See also

literature

  • Norman Maclean: A Less Green and Pleasant Land: Our Threatened Wildlife . Cambridge University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1-107-67323-6 .
  • Peet van der Merwe, Lindie du Plessis: Game farming and hunting tourism . 1st edition. African Sun Media, 2014, ISBN 978-0-9922359-1-8 .
  • Barney Dickson, Jonathan Hutton, William A. Adams (Eds.): Recreational Hunting, Conservation and Rural Livelihoods: Science and Practice (= Conservation Science and Practice ). Wiley-Blackwell, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4443-0318-6 .
  • Bernhard Gissibl: The conservation of luxury: Safari hunting and the consumption of wildlife in twentieth-century East Africa. In: Luxury in Global Perspective. Cambridge University Press, 2016, ISBN 978-1-316-25791-3 , pp. 263-300, doi: 10.1017 / 9781316257913.011 .
  • Brent Lovelock (Ed.): Tourism and the consumption of wildlife: hunting, shooting and sport fishing . Routledge, London 2007, ISBN 978-0-203-93432-6 .

Web links

Commons : Professional Hunters  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: professional hunter  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Julia Numßen: Manual hunter language . Gräfe Und Unzer, Munich 2017, ISBN 978-3-8354-6241-0 , professional hunter ( limited preview in the Google book search): "Professional hunter - full-time hunter who has completed an apprenticeship."
  2. ↑ Gerhard Meier rope: hunting lexicon . 7th, revised edition. BLV, Munich 1996, ISBN 978-3-405-15131-7 , pp. 92 : "Professional hunters - persons who [...] are mainly responsible [for] hunting [...]"
  3. ↑ Professional hunter. In: ÖBF. Archived from the original on February 9, 2019 ; accessed on February 9, 2019 .
  4. ^ Sebastian Sonntag: Hunting: Rupprecht Walch on the hunter profession. In: Deutschlandfunk Nova. May 28, 2017, archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  5. ^ Revierjäger / in. In: sachsen.de. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018 ; accessed on December 6, 2018 .
  6. ^ A b Markus Schaller: Forests and Wildlife Management in Germany - A mini-review . In: Eurasian Journal of Forest Science . tape 10 , no. 1 . Hokkaido University Forests, EFRC, 2007, ISSN  2147-7493 , pp. 59–70 ( archive.org [PDF; accessed January 21, 2019]).
  7. ^ A b Martina Biedenbach: Professional hunter Bernd Junk: His job is silviculture with the rifle. In: HNA.de. January 6, 2016, archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Rudolf Hafellner: Hunting training at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna - Legal basis for obtaining the first hunting license or appointment as a game warden. (PDF) In: BOKU. October 1, 2014, p. 4 ff. , Archived from the original on December 31, 2018 ; accessed on December 31, 2018 .
  9. ↑ Reinhold R. Hofmann: Wild animals in pictures for comparative anatomy . Schlütersche, 2010, ISBN 978-3-7944-0230-4 , p. 120 ( google.de ).
  10. ↑ Julia Numßen: Manual hunter language . Gräfe Und Unzer, 2017, ISBN 978-3-8354-6241-0 (in the English-language glossary without page number).
  11. ↑ Vanja Budde: Waiting for the rain - On the Kambaku game farm. In: Deutschlandfunk Kultur. May 25, 2008, archived from the original on January 7, 2019 ; accessed on January 7, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Burkhard Meinecke, Ulrich Voigt: Literature study on predation in the small game species hare, partridge and pheasant . Institute for Wildlife Research at the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 2009, p. 7 ( wildtiermanagement.com [PDF; accessed December 30, 2018]).
  13. ↑ Heribert Kalchreuter: The thing with the hunt . 6th edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-440-15205-8 , The Salisbury Plains Experiment.
  14. ↑ Friedrich Reimoser: benefits of hunting for society . In: Teaching and Research Center for Agriculture Raumberg-Gumpenstein (Ed.): Report on the 23rd Austrian Hunters Conference 2017 on the subject of the use of nature between desire and reality - where do game and hunting stand? 2017, ISBN 978-3-902849-46-5 , pp. 55 ff .
  15. ↑ 5408 - Decision of the Cantonal Council on the cantonal popular initiative «Gamekeeper instead of hunter». (PDF) In: Canton of Zurich. November 16, 2017, p. 7 , accessed August 19, 2019 .
  16. ^ Gunda Bartels: Hunting Books and Hunting Films - Diana's Daughters. In: Tagesspiegel. May 6, 2018, archived from the original on December 30, 2018 ; accessed on December 30, 2018 .
  17. ↑ Markus Schleufe: Bird Controller: Human scarecrow at the airport. In: ZEIT ONLINE. August 28, 2012, archived from the original on December 30, 2018 ; accessed on December 30, 2018 .
  18. ↑ Revierjäger / Revierjägerin (training). In: Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) - Germany. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  19. ↑ Training regulations for district hunters on juris (PDF file; 67 kB). Retrieved November 12, 2010.
  20. ↑ a b professional hunter. In: German Hunting Association. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  21. ↑ Home. In: Federal Association of German Professional Hunters. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  22. ↑ Oliver Ramme: Forest - Waidmanns anger over new hunting laws. In: Deutschlandfunk. January 5, 2015, archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  23. ↑ Call for help: Foresters complain about huge forest damage. In: MDR.DE. October 19, 2018, archived from the original on December 6, 2018 ; accessed on December 6, 2018 .
  24. ↑ Hans-Martin Barthold: Förster - The change is the constant. In: berufsreport.com. August 15, 2017, archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  25. ↑ Forest service - third qualification level (formerly advanced technical forest service) - district manager. In: Bavarian State Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forests - StMELF. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018 ; accessed on December 6, 2018 .
  26. ↑ Revierjäger / Revierjägerin. In: Bavarian State Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Forests - StMELF. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  27. ↑ a b job description. In: Federal Association of German Professional Hunters. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  28. ↑ On the prowl to the stag. In: Berchtesgadener-Anzeiger.de. February 4, 2018, archived from the original on December 6, 2018 ; accessed on December 6, 2018 .
  29. ^ Helmut Neubacher: The professional hunter. In: Upper Austrian Chamber of Labor. July 18, 2017, archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  30. ↑ Eckhard Fuhr: The school of the hunters. In: WORLD. August 19, 2010, archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  31. ↑ Paul Höglmüller: Gams and protection forest management using the example of a mountain farm of the Bavarian State Forests . In: Teaching and Research Center for Agriculture Raumberg-Gumpenstein (Ed.): Report on the 20th Austrian Hunters' Conference 2014 on the subject of chamois and small game . 2014, ISBN 978-3-902559-99-9 , pp. 27 f .
  32. ↑ Framework plan for the training profession Revierjäger / Revierjägerin. (PDF) In: kmk.org. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018 ; accessed on December 6, 2018 .
  33. ↑ VO Vocational training to become a district hunter. (PDF) In: Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB) - Germany. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018 ; accessed on December 6, 2018 .
  34. ↑ Revierjagd-Meisterprüfungsverordnung of 9 April 2019 ( Federal Law Gazette I p. 499 )
  35. ↑ Appointment. In: Federal Association of German Professional Hunters. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  36. ↑ Honorary title. In: Association of Bavarian Professional Hunters. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018 ; accessed on December 5, 2018 .
  37. ↑ a b c d Carl Walrond: Deer stalking and culling. In: Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on February 18, 2019 ; accessed on February 18, 2019 .
  38. ^ Job description "professional hunter". (PDF) In: Salzburger Berufsjägerverband. P. 1 , accessed on February 9, 2019 .
  39. ↑ Lön Yrkesjägare 34 900 kr - Lönestatistik & Lediga Jobb. In: Statsskuld. Archived from the original on February 10, 2019 ; Retrieved February 10, 2019 (Swedish).
  40. ↑ a b Om förbundet. In: Viltmästare.se. Retrieved February 10, 2019 (Swedish).
  41. ↑ Utbildning. In: Viltmästare.se. Retrieved February 10, 2019 (Swedish).
  42. ↑ Marie Gadolin: Yrkesjägarförening byter namn. In: Svensk Jakt. November 17, 2015, accessed February 10, 2019 (Swedish).
  43. ↑ Profession gamekeeper. In: berufskunde.com. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018 ; accessed on December 6, 2018 .
  44. ↑ a b About Gamekeeping. In: The National Gamekeepers Organization. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018 ; accessed on December 6, 2018 .
  45. ^ Edward Bujak: English Landed Society in the Great War: Defending the Realm (=  Bloomsbury Studies in Military History ). London 2018, ISBN 978-1-4725-9216-3 , pp. 71 ( google.de [accessed on February 2, 2019]).
  46. ↑ Punt-Gun shooter Snowden Slights: The last of its kind. In: DER SPIEGEL. November 6, 2017, archived from the original on January 31, 2020 ; accessed on January 31, 2020 .
  47. ^ Roger Ratcliffe: Blast from the past. In: yorkshirepost.co.uk. October 6, 2006, archived from the original on January 31, 2020 ; accessed on January 31, 2020 (English).
  48. ^ Wildlife Services. In: United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018 ; accessed on December 24, 2018 .
  49. ^ Rachael Bale: This Government Program's Job Is to Kill Wildlife. In: National Geographic. February 12, 2016, archived from the original on December 24, 2018 ; accessed on December 23, 2018 (English).
  50. ↑ James Fanelli: Thousands of airport geese slaughtered, donated to food pantries in past four years. In: NY Daily News. September 16, 2017, archived from the original on December 24, 2018 ; accessed on December 24, 2018 .
  51. ↑ USDA-APHIS-WS Environmental Assessment: Management of Wolf Conflicts and Depredating Wolves in Wisconsin. (PDF) In: USDA APHIS. May 14, 2008, p. 4 , archived from the original on February 9, 2019 ; accessed on February 9, 2019 .
  52. ^ Livia Pack, Peter Pack: Namibia . DuMont Reiseverlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-7701-6715-9 , p. 142 .
  53. ↑ Who and What is PHASA? In: PHASA | Professional Hunter's Association of South Africa. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018 ; accessed on December 6, 2018 .
  54. ↑ NQF 4 Certificate in Professional Hunting. In: Southern African Wildlife College. Archived from the original on December 6, 2018 ; accessed on December 6, 2018 .
  55. ↑ About NAPHA. In: NAPHA - Namibia Professional Hunting Association. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019 ; accessed on January 7, 2019 .
  56. ↑ Catherine York, Rachael Bale: Australians Hunt Kangaroos Commercially. Does It Make Sense? In: National Geographic AU. November 21, 2017, archived from the original on January 10, 2019 ; accessed on January 10, 2019 .
  57. ↑ Gary Tippet: The roo shooter. In: The Sydney Morning Herald. November 9, 2008, archived from the original on January 10, 2019 ; accessed on January 10, 2019 .
  58. ↑ Christopher Johnson, John Woinarski, Rosie Cooney: Comment: Bans on kangaroo products are a case of emotion trumping science. In: SBS News. October 5, 2015, archived from the original on January 10, 2019 ; accessed on January 10, 2019 .