Rhinella chavin

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Rhinella chavin
Systematics
without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia)
Order : Frog (anura)
Subordination : Neobatrachia
Family : Toads (Bufonidae)
Genre : Rhinella
Type : Rhinella chavin
Scientific name
Rhinella chavin
( Lehr , Aguilar , Köhler & Ponce , 2001)

Rhinella chavin (Syn .: Bufo chavin ) is a rare frog from the toad family(Bufonidae), which is endemic to central Peru.

features

In Rhinella chavin , the females are 54.8 to 64.9 millimeters in length larger than the males, which reach 47.5 to 52 mm in length. The lower legs and arms have large, raised, elongated glands. There are two raised glands on each of the rear soles of the feet, and one on the back of the lower palms.

The species has considerable color variations in the individual individuals. The basic color of the top and bottom ranges from brownish to greenish with brownish, grayish, greenish or whitish spots. The throat, the chest, the stomach. and the limbs are sulfur yellow, cream, light brown or gray with dark brown, dark gray and white spots and spots.

The undersides of the hands and feet are olive brown or chestnut colored. Some individuals show a back line.

Occurrence and way of life

The distribution area is limited to the areas of Palma Pampa and Cordillera de Carpish in the Departamento de Huánuco in central Peru. Rhinella chavin lives in primary cloud forests on the eastern slopes of the Andes at altitudes between 2600 and 3072 meters.

The way of life has so far been little researched and the breeding habitat is also unknown. The eggs are relatively large, yolk-like and unpigmented. The spawn is believed to be placed on bromeliads during the rainy seasons towards the end of August and towards the end of March.

Existence and endangerment

Rhinella chavin is classified by the IUCN in the category “critically endangered”. The species has a small, highly fragmented range of 100 km². There has been a loss of habitat and a decline in the adult population since the taxon was discovered. As the main threat that apply deforestation for the cultivation of potatoes and water pollution through the use of pesticides .

Systematics and taxonomy

The systematics within the toad family and the genus Bufo is complex and has been subject to frequent changes in the first decade of the 21st century.

In 2001 the species was described as Bufo chavin by Edgar Lehr and others , but came into the new genus Chaunus in 2006 . According to the first descriptor , Bufo chavin was closely related to Bufo festae , a species which, however , had been assigned to the genus Rhamphophryne in the new classification . These and other facts clearly demonstrated the paraphyly of the two new genera. The system was therefore revised again in 2007 and the species of the genera Chaunus and Rhamphophryne were combined in the genus Rhinella . In this genus is Rhinella chavin the festae Rhinella - species group attributed the next festae R. and R. chavin also R. Yanachaga and R. nesiotes belong.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Darrel R. Frost, Taran Grant, Julián Faivovich, Raoul H. Bain, Alexander Haas, Celio FB Haddad, Rafael O. de Sá, A. Channing, Mark Wilkinson, Stephen C. Donnellan, Christopher J. Raxworthy, Jonathan A. Campbell, Boris L. Blotto, Paul E. Moler, Robert C. Drewes, Ronald A. Nussbaum, John D. Lynch, David M. Green, and Ward C. Wheeler: The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, pp. 1-370, 2006 full text
  2. ^ JC Chaparro, JB Pramuk & AG Gluesenkamp: A new species of arboreal Rhinella (Anura: Bufonidae) from cloud forest of southeastern Peru. Herpetologica, 63, pp. 203-212, 2007
  3. ^ J. Moravec, E. Lehr, JC Cusi, JH Córdova & V. Gvoždík: A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera species group (Anura, Bufonidae) from the montane forest of the Selva Central, Peru. ZooKeys, 371, pp. 35-56, 2014 doi: 10.3897 / zookeys.371.6580

literature

  • Edgar Lehr: Amphibians and Reptiles in Peru . Natur- und Tier-Verlag, Naturwissenschaft, Münster, 2002, 220 S. ISBN 978-3-931587-68-0
  • Edgar Lehr, Gunther Köhler, César Augusto Aguilar Puntriano, Elias Ponce: New Species of Bufo (Anura: Bufonidae) from Central Peru . Copeia 2001, 1, pp. 216-223, 2001 abstract and photo

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