Directions of Zionism

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Theodor Herzl is considered to be the founder of the Zionist movement. In his work The Jewish State of 1896, he set out his vision of an independent Jewish state.

The main goal of Zionism is to create a home for the Jewish people. Followers of this goal have different ideas about this goal and the ways to achieve it.

Political Zionism

The direction of Political Zionism was directed by Theodor Herzl and Max Nordau in Russia. The position of the First Zionist Congress was held that the Jewish people should be given a publicly recognized and legal opportunity to settle in Palestine. The first steps were to obtain the guarantees of the states ruling the area.

Practical Zionism

Leo Pinsker representative of Practical Zionism

Led by Moshe Leib Lilienblum and Leo Pinsker and shaped by Chibbat Zion , this approach assumed that the colonization of the country should begin as quickly as possible, even before political assurances were given by the great powers.

Synthetic Zionism

Chaim Weizmann , Leo Motzkin and Nachum Sokolow wanted to combine both approaches.

Socialist Zionism

Ber Borochov , one of the leaders of Socialist Zionism

With regard to the character of the future state, too, opinions differ on the basis of fundamental considerations that had nothing to do with Zionism itself. Socialist Zionism was led by Nachman Syrkin , Ber Borochov , Chaim Arlosoroff and Berl Katznelson .

The aim was to create an agricultural society based on equality for all people, with equality for women playing an important role. The capitalist economic order and class society are rejected.

Revisionist Zionism

Vladimir Zeev Jabotinsky , founder of Revisionist Zionism

Vladimir Zeev Jabotinsky and his successor Menachem Begin emphasized the romantic elements of the Jewish nationality and the historical heritage as the basis for the establishment of the state. Tough military action against Arab attacks was advocated. A splinter group later founded the Irgun underground army . This direction also represented the goal of building a Greater Israeli State.

Cultural Zionism

Ahad Ha'am

Achad Ha'am hoped that the national rebirth of the Jewish people would be achieved through cultural centers in Israel and in the diaspora. These were supposed to be bulwarks against the assimilation which threatened the identity of the Jews.

Revolutionary Zionism

Avraham Stern , Israel Eldad and Uri Zvi Greenberg saw Zionism as a struggle for the unification and repatriation of all Jews from the Jewish diaspora . The Hebrew language was to be revived and the Jewish kingdom rebuilt. Members of the Lechi in the 1940s took part in the guerrilla war against the British. After the establishment of the state, they pursued their broader goal of restoring the Malkhut Yisrael (Kingdom of Israel). To this end, the Jerusalem temple is to be rebuilt. They too are striving for a Greater Israel.

Religious Zionism

Jizchak Jakob Reines , founder of the Misrachi , and Abraham Isaak Kook were the leading figures of this movement. They believe that the Torah prescribes the establishment of a state. Their motto is: "The land of Israel for the people of Israel, as it corresponds to the Torah." ( Hebrew עם ישראל, תורת ישראל וארץ ישראל). Today they are mostly referred to as religious nationalists; many of them are "settlers". They too are striving for a Greater Israel.

literature

  • Michael Brenner : The development of political Zionism according to Herzl . Ed .: bpb . March 28, 2008 ( bpb.de [accessed January 13, 2017]).

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jewish Virtual Library: The First Zionist Congress and the Basel Program.
  2. ^ Israel Eldad: The Jewish Revolution. Pp. 47-49.
  3. ^ Israel Eldad: The Jewish Revolution. P. 45.
  4. ^ Israel Eldad: Israel: The Road to Full Redemption. P. 37 (Hebrew) and Israel Eldad: Temple Mount in Ruins ( saveisrael.com ).

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