Chaim Arlosoroff

Chaim Arlosoroff (1933)

Vitaly Viktor Chaim Arlosoroff (also Arlozorov or Arlozoroff * 23. February 1899 in Romny , Russian Empire ; † 16th June 1933 in Tel Aviv ) was a Zionist politician of the Socialist Workers Party Mapai and opponents of the revisionist Zionism of Jabotinsky.

Early years

Chaim Arlosoroff was a grandson of Rabbi Eliezer Arlosoroff, Rabbi of Romny, Ukraine . His father Saul (Shaul) was a wealthy timber merchant, his mother was Laska Tobolovsky from Suwałki .

Arlosoroff was born in Ukraine, but anti-Semitism forced his family, like hundreds of thousands of Jews in Russia , to emigrate; after a pogrom she emigrated to East Prussia in 1905 . His father was unable to return from a business trip to Ukraine and died of cholera in June 1918 in Petersburg.

Werner Siemens secondary school

Arlosoroff attended the Werner-Siemens-Realgymnasium , was interested in German literature and was so enthusiastic about Germany that at the beginning of the war, at the age of 15, he wanted to report to the front for military service.

He later studied economics at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin and received his doctorate in 1924 . In Berlin he became a member of the VJSt Maccabaea in the KJV .

Political offices and activities

While still at university, Arlosoroff wrote articles on Zionist issues, such as financing the settlers in Palestine; he also planned a program of cooperation between Jews and Arabs .

Together with Aharon David Gordon, he was the founder of the socialist and Zionist party HaPoel HaZair and held a leading position in it. It attracted many intellectuals.

Arlosoroff wrote for the newspaper Die Arbeit (Germany) .

In 1924 Arlosoroff emigrated to the British Mandate Palestine .

In 1926 he was elected representative of the Jewish community in Palestine ( Yishuv ) to the League of Nations in Geneva .

In 1929 the Jewish Agency was founded, in which Mapai and Arlosoroff will play an important role.,

On January 5, 1930, HaPoel Hatzair and Achdut haAwoda united to form the Mapai party. In this union, Arlosoroff played a crucial role.

Arlosoroff became a leader of the Mapai , the main Jewish political party, and was a close friend of the Jewish scientist and statesman Chaim Weizmann . He was considered a leading actor in the Jewish Agency's political department .

He also advocated the conclusion of the Ha'avara Agreement with the German Empire.

Chaim Arlosoroff (in the middle, seated) with Chaim Weizmann (on his left) at the meeting with Arab leaders in the King David Hotel , Jerusalem, April 8, 1933. On the right, Moshe Shertok (Sharett) and Yitzhak Ben-Zvi . The representatives of Transjordan were Sheikh Mithqal Pasha al-Faiz, tribal leader of the Bani Sakhr; Rashid Pasha al-Khaza'i, Supreme Sheikh of Mount Ajlun; Mitri Pasha Zurikat, Christian leader of the al-Karak district ; Shams-ud-Din Bey Sami, Circassian leader, and Salim Pasha Abu al-Ajam, Supreme Sheikh of the Belka region.

At first he worked with the British , but later said that they could not be trusted and that the Jews had to take risks in order to build a home for themselves.

On April 8, 1933, Arlosoroff organized a meeting at the King David Hotel in Jerusalem on behalf of the Jewish Agency . Weizmann met there with leading Arabs from the British mandate area. Both the participating Arabs and Arlosoroff were criticized for the agreed cooperation. Hostility against him came mainly from the Misrachi party, which demanded his resignation. Radical Zionists denied Arlosoroff the right to live.

Memorial stone for Chaim Arlosoroff on the site of his murder in Tel Aviv

Political positions

In the early 1930s there were two main Zionist parties in Palestine, the Mapai , a socialist workers' party, and the so-called Revisionists , a right-wing party. The rift between the two factions had developed during World War I and continued into the British Protectorate. Mapai was represented worldwide by the World Zionist Organization and by the Jewish Yishuv within Palestine. Led by David Ben-Gurion , she encouraged mass immigration and settlement in the country. The management initially cooperated with the British mandate administration. Zionism was “practically” oriented: the settlement of the country was intended to justify a later claim to founding a state.

The revisionist faction under Vladimir Zeev Jabotinsky , on the other hand, relied on the principles of so-called "political Zionism". First, the whole land should be brought under control, then it should be settled and cultivated. Independence from the British mandate was seen as the only way to establish a Jewish state. Tensions grew heightened as Mapai promoted negotiations with Germany, which Arlosoroff pushed forward. The revisionists, especially the secret underground organization Brit HaBirionim , sharply criticized the willingness of the Mapai representatives to negotiate with the German Reich over the relocation of Jews to Palestine, while a Jewish boycott of German goods had been declared.

Arlosoroff's conviction of the necessity of a compromise-ready understanding with the Arabs also earned him the hostility of the religious Zionists of the Mizrahim movement and the revisionists.

assassination

On June 16, 1933, shortly after his return from the transfer negotiations in Germany, Chaim Arlosoroff was seriously injured by an assassin's gunshot when he was with his wife Sima, née. Rubin, walking along Tel Aviv Beach. He died in the hospital the following day. It is still unclear who the attacker was. Initially, three suspects were charged. Two of them were acquitted, one, Abraham Stavsky , was convicted, but the sentence was overturned by the Supreme Court of Appeals.

Those accused of the murder of Arlosoroff: Abraham Stavsky , left, Zvi Rosenblatt , right after their release from prison, on the table the portrait of Horace Samuel, their lawyer. Behind them: Sonia Ahime'ir, wife of Aba Ahimeir

In 1948, during the Altalena Incident, Stavsky fought on the side of the Irgun in an armed confrontation with the Israeli army and was killed by Israeli soldiers.

Appreciation

Arlosorov streets in the center of Tel Aviv and numerous other Israeli cities are named after Arlosoroff .

In addition, a memorial was erected on the site of his murder in 2009.

Private

Around 1918 Chaim Arlosoroff was in a relationship with a classmate of his sisters Lisa and Dora, Magda Friedländer , who wanted to marry him and convert to the Jewish faith, but then became the wife of the industrialist Günther Quandt and later the wife of Joseph Goebbels . In his first marriage, Chaim Arlosoroff was married to the journalist, correspondent and author Gerda Luft (née Goldberg). The marriage resulted in a daughter, Shulamit Gurevich (Arlozorov) (1919–1997).

Dr. Shaul Arlosoroff (* 1930), a son of Chaim Arlosoroff, was Israel's best-known irrigation expert and director of Mekorot , a state-owned water company in Israel.

Web links

Commons : Chaim Arlosoroff  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Literature by and about Chaim Arlosoroff in the catalog of the German National Library
• Obituary in: Der Juden Arbeiter , No. 25, June 23, 1933, p. 1
• Original: ( Memento from October 23, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Original: [1] (English)
• The Jewish Magazine (English)
• The Jewish Virtual Library (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg, Germany: SERIES - PART 21 MAGDA GOEBBELS: COMPANION OF EVIL - DER SPIEGEL 39/2001. In: spiegel.de. Retrieved January 2, 2017 . 
2. ↑ Thomas Schindler: They were Jews, socialists and corporates. In: Student Courier. 2/2003, p. 12 f.
3. ^ ^{A b c d} David B. Green: This Day in Jewish History 1933: The Murder of Chaim Arlosoroff . In: Haaretz . June 16, 2013 ( Haaretz.com [accessed January 5, 2017]).
4. ^ Edwin Black: The Transfer Agreement , New York, Carroll & Graf Pub. (2001) ISBN 0786708417 , p. 95
5. ↑ Black, 2001, p. 146
6. ^ Eran Kaplan: The Jewish Radical Right: Revisionist Zionism and Its Ideological Legacy . Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-299-20383-2 , pp. 10–15 ( google.de [accessed January 5, 2017]).
7. ^ Eran Kaplan: The Jewish radical right: Revisionist Zionism and its ideological legacy . Univ. of Wisconsin Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-299-20380-1 (Retrieved January 4, 2016). P. 139
8. ^ Asher Maoz: Historical Adjudication: Courts of Law, Commissions of Inquiry, and "Historical Truth" . Law and History Review. 2000. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved January 5, 2017. 
9. ^ Eran Kaplan: The Jewish Radical Right: Revisionist Zionism and Its Ideological Legacy . Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2005, ISBN 978-0-299-20383-2 ( google.de [accessed January 5, 2017]).
10. ↑ Ines Sonder “We wanted that. A new country… “German Zionists as pioneers in Palestine, 1897–1933 In: MEDAON No. 14, 2014“ She studied medicine and economics at the Berlin University and got to know the Zionist labor leader Chaim Arlosoroff. In 1924, the couple emigrated with the joint Daughter moved to Palestine. Here she met her second husband Zvi Luft and began her career as a journalist. Gerda Luft has influenced the German Zionists' image of Palestine for many years through her critical reports. In addition to the Jüdische Rundschau, she also wrote for Palestine MB and the Jerusalem Post. From 1955 to 1970 she was the Israel correspondent for the Neue Zürcher Zeitung. In 1977 she published her book Heimkehr ins Unbekannte ... "
11. ^ Luft, Gerda: Chronicle of a Life for Israel, Stuttgart 1983
12. ↑ Water demand management strategy aims for prosperity with limited water resources. In: waterworld.com. Retrieved January 5, 2017 . 
13. ↑ Palestinian water shortages and Israel's water supply: behind the headlines . In: JNS.org . ( jns.org [accessed January 5, 2017]).